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How to Use Non-Finites (Infinitive, Gerund & Participle) Correctly – Rules, Examples & Exercises

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How to Use Non-Finites (Infinitive, Gerund & Participle) Correctly – Rules, Examples & Exercises

Learn how to use Non-Finites (Infinitive, Gerund and Participle) correctly in English Grammar with easy rules, Hindi explanations, solved examples, practice exercises, answer key, and exam tips. A complete guide for CBSE students and competitive exams.

Contents:

How to Use Non-Finites, How to Use Infinitive, How to Use Gerund, How to Use Participle, Non-Finites Rules

Category: English GrammarCreated: 29 Jul 2026| Updated: 29 Jul 2026

How to Use Non-Finites (Infinitive, Gerund & Participle) Correctly – Rules, Examples & Exercises

Non-Finites अंग्रेज़ी व्याकरण (English Grammar) का एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। बोर्ड परीक्षाओं, प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं तथा विभिन्न प्रवेश परीक्षाओं में Non-Finites से संबंधित प्रश्न नियमित रूप से पूछे जाते हैं। Non-Finite Verbs ऐसी क्रियाएँ होती हैं जो Subject, Tense, Person तथा Number के अनुसार अपना रूप नहीं बदलती हैं। ये वाक्य की मुख्य क्रिया (Finite Verb) पर निर्भर रहती हैं और अलग-अलग परिस्थितियों में Noun, Adjective अथवा Adverb का कार्य करती हैं। इसलिए Non-Finites के नियमों को समझना प्रत्येक विद्यार्थी के लिए आवश्यक है।

Non-Finites (Infinitive, Gerund and Participle)

Non-Finites मुख्य रूप से तीन प्रकार के होते हैं— Infinitive, Gerund तथा Participle। प्रत्येक का प्रयोग अलग-अलग परिस्थितियों में किया जाता है। यदि इनके नियमों का सही ज्ञान हो, तो Fill in the Blanks, Error Detection, Sentence Transformation तथा Editing जैसे प्रश्नों को आसानी से हल किया जा सकता है।

Types of Non-Finites

1. Infinitive (To + Verb)

Infinitive वह Verb होती है जिसके पहले सामान्यतः to लगाया जाता है। इसका प्रयोग उद्देश्य (Purpose), कारण (Reason) तथा कुछ विशेष वाक्य संरचनाओं में किया जाता है।

  • I want to learn English.
  • It is easy to solve this question.
  • She went to the market to buy vegetables.

2. Gerund (Verb + ing)

जब Verb में -ing जोड़कर उसे Noun की तरह प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो उसे Gerund कहते हैं। Gerund का प्रयोग Subject, Object तथा Preposition के बाद किया जाता है।

  • Reading books is a good habit.
  • I enjoy playing cricket.
  • He is interested in learning English.

3. Participle

Participle वह Verb होती है जो Verb होने के साथ-साथ Adjective का भी कार्य करती है। इसके मुख्य तीन प्रकार हैं— Present Participle (Verb + ing), Past Participle (Verb³) तथा Perfect Participle (Having + Verb³)।

  • The crying baby needs milk.
  • The broken chair is useless.
  • Having completed the work, he went home.

Important Rules of Non-Finites

Rule 1. वाक्य के प्रारम्भ में Gerund का प्रयोग

यदि रिक्त स्थान वाक्य के प्रारम्भ में हो और वह Subject का कार्य कर रहा हो, तो सामान्यतः Gerund (Verb + ing) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • Reading books improves knowledge.
  • Walking every morning keeps us healthy.

Rule 2. It is / It was / It will be के बाद Infinitive

यदि वाक्य It is, It was अथवा It will be से प्रारम्भ हो, तो सामान्यतः Infinitive (to + Verb) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • It is easy to understand the lesson.
  • It was difficult to solve the puzzle.

Rule 3. पहले पूर्ण हुए कार्य के लिए Perfect Participle

यदि दो कार्यों में से एक कार्य पहले समाप्त हो चुका हो, तो पहले कार्य के लिए Having + Verb³ का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • Having finished the work, he went home.
  • Having completed the exam, the students left the classroom.

Rule 4. Possessive Adjective के बाद Gerund

यदि My, Our, Your, His, Her, Their अथवा Apostrophe ('s) के बाद Verb दी गई हो, तो सामान्यतः Gerund का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • I like his singing.
  • We appreciated her helping us.

Rule 5. Preposition के बाद Gerund

किसी भी Preposition जैसे in, on, at, after, before, without, by, for आदि के बाद हमेशा Verb + ing का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • He left without saying goodbye.
  • She succeeded by working hard.

Rule 6. Passive Voice में Past Participle

यदि वाक्य Passive Voice में हो, तो Verb की Third Form (Past Participle) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • The letter was sent yesterday.
  • The thief was caught by the police.

Rule 7. Can't Help / Couldn't Help के बाद Gerund

Can't Help तथा Couldn't Help के बाद हमेशा Gerund (Verb + ing) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • I can't help laughing.
  • She couldn't help crying.

Rule 8. Be Used To के बाद Gerund

यदि is/am/are/was/were + used to दिया हो, तो उसके बाद हमेशा Gerund (Verb + ing) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • He is used to waking up early.
  • She was used to working hard.

Rule 9. कुछ विशेष Verbs के बाद Gerund

कुछ Verbs जैसे Enjoy, Avoid, Finish, Mind, Keep, Practise, Admit, Suggest, Consider, Imagine आदि के बाद हमेशा Gerund का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • She enjoys dancing.
  • They avoided meeting him.

Rule 10. See, Hear, Make, Let, Help आदि के बाद Bare Infinitive

यदि मुख्य Verb See, Hear, Make, Let, Help, Had Better, Rather Than आदि हो, तो उसके बाद सामान्यतः बिना to वाली Verb (Bare Infinitive) का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

  • I saw him cross the road.
  • Let me go.
  • She made me wait.

Exercise – Fill in the Blanks (Non-Finites)

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

Q.No. Question Answer
1. ________ (Read) books improves our knowledge. Reading
2. It is easy ________ (solve) this problem. to solve
3. ________ (finish) the homework, she went to sleep. Having finished
4. I like your ________ (sing). singing
5. He succeeded in ________ (win) the race. winning
6. The thief was ________ (catch) by the police. caught
7. I can't help ________ (laugh). laughing
8. She is used to ________ (wake) up early. waking
9. They enjoy ________ (play) football. playing
10. I saw him ________ (cross) the road. cross
11. Let me ________ (help) you. help
12. She had her car ________ (repair). repaired
13. He avoided ________ (talk) to strangers. talking
14. It was difficult ________ (reach) the station on time. to reach
15. ________ (complete) the project, they celebrated their success. Having completed
16. She left without ________ (say) goodbye. saying
17. The letter has been ________ (send). sent
18. My father dislikes ________ (drive) at night. driving
19. We heard the birds ________ (sing). sing
20. The teacher made the students ________ (write) the answers again. write

 

Answer Key

 

Question No. Correct Answer
1 Reading
2 to solve
3 Having finished
4 singing
5 winning
6 caught
7 laughing
8 waking
9 playing
10 cross
11 help
12 repaired
13 talking
14 to reach
15 Having completed
16 saying
17 sent
18 driving
19 sing
20 write

Exam Tips

  • Preposition के बाद हमेशा Verb + ing (Gerund) का प्रयोग करें।
  • Passive Voice में Verb की Third Form (V³) का प्रयोग करें।
  • "It is / It was" से प्रारम्भ होने वाले वाक्यों में सामान्यतः Infinitive (to + Verb) आता है।
  • "Having + Verb³" का प्रयोग तभी करें जब पहला कार्य पहले समाप्त हो चुका हो।
  • See, Hear, Make, Let तथा Help के बाद सामान्यतः Bare Infinitive का प्रयोग करें।
  • Fill in the Blanks हल करने से पहले पूरे Sentence Structure को ध्यान से पढ़ें।

Conclusion

Non-Finites अंग्रेज़ी व्याकरण का अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। Infinitive, Gerund तथा Participle के प्रयोग को समझकर विद्यार्थी बोर्ड परीक्षाओं, प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं तथा अन्य अंग्रेज़ी आधारित परीक्षाओं में बेहतर प्रदर्शन कर सकते हैं। यदि प्रत्येक नियम का नियमित अभ्यास किया जाए और उसके साथ दिए गए उदाहरणों को समझा जाए, तो Non-Finites से संबंधित अधिकांश प्रश्न आसानी से हल किए जा सकते हैं।

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