12. India after Independence Class 8 History Solutions English Medium-Additional - Question

NCERT Solutions Class 8 History English Medium

12. India after Independence

Topic: Additional - Question

Additional Question:

Que: The Nation: New and Divided?

Ans:

• The division and formation of Pakistan has led to the migration of approximately 8 million refugees, who have nowhere to live, no food, and no way to make a living. 

• There were about 500 princes headed by Nawab or the Maharaja that needed to be persuaded. 

• The development of the political system is the need of the times to meet the needs of the people.

• Among the 345 million residents, discrimination between upper and lower castes was very prominent. 

• Discrimination based on religion, language, eating habits, etc. still exists. 

• Unifying all these people under one country was a difficult task. 

• The development of rural areas and an agriculture-based economy was another issue that needs to be solved urgently. Poverty not only existed in villages, but was also in cities. Many workers live in slums and have no access to health care, education, etc. 

​Que: What is The Birth of the Constitution?

Ans: 

• The Constitution of India was formulated in 34 years after much discussion and cooperation between political parties and was finally approved on January 26, 1950. The Constitution of India has some outstanding features, which are adapted from the constitutions of other countries in the world. 

• Under the Constitution, any Indian who is 21 years of age or older can participate in state and national elections. 

• The Constitution guarantees that the law is the same for all people in all countries, regardless of their caste, religion, belief, etc. 

• "The poorest and most disadvantaged Indians" deserve special privileges. 

•  Untouchables are abolished and a series of new proposals are offered to people belonging to lower castes. They are allowed into temples that have long been reserved for high-caste Hindus, seats reserved for low-caste people in the legislature, etc. 

• This reservation also applies to "adivasis" or predetermined tribes and castes. The constitution promises that everyone, including the untouchables (or they are called harijans), have access to education and health services. 

• There are many differences of opinion about the power of the central government and the development of the country. Some people advocate a "strong center", while others advocate autonomy and freedom for the provinces. The Constituent Assembly considered all opinions and proposed some solutions. 

Que: What is The State Formation?

Ans:

• The Indian National Assembly pledged to develop the states according to the language background. However, religious divisions have led to riots between Hindus and Muslims, so ministers such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel opposed the developing provinces supported by language groups. 

• But many parts of the country opposed this decision, especially during the Madras presidency, because the people there wanted to establish a separate Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speakers. 

• Potti Sriramulu, a Gandhi veteran, started fasting in Andhra Pradesh and died after fasting for 58 days. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was born as a state of India on October 1, 1953. 

• But this has actually led to more similar demands from other provinces and language communities. In order to solve this problem, a national reorganization committee was established. They proposed an idea to develop Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Assamese, Oriya, and Ka Different provinces in Nada, and re-delineated borders.

​Que: Which kind of Changes After Independence: India Today?

Ans:

• As in 2020, India celebrates the 73rd anniversary of its independence from British slavery. Maintaining unity in diversity and becoming the world’s largest democracy are two things that indigenous peoples are proud of. 

• So far, India has held 17 general elections. 

• The country has a free press and an independent judiciary. 

• Although languages, beliefs, religions and cultures are different, although many people are skeptical, this country remains united. 

• The problem of the untouchables has not been completely eradicated. 

• Discrimination between rich and poor is on the rise. 

• Although the Constitution emphasizes equality, it seems to be less and less in reality.​

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