4. Carbon and its Compounds Science class 10 in English Medium ncert book solutions Additional Questions With Solutions

Chapter-4, Carbon 

Short Answers Questions: 

Q1: Why do carbon have the capacity to form the largest compound in the nature?

Ans: As it has an unique capacity to form the bond with others carbon atoms and due to nature of covalent bond.

Q2: What is catenation?

Ans: Carbon has the unique ability to form bonds with other atoms of
carbon, giving rise to large molecules. This property is called catenation. 

Q3: what is fermentation ?

Ans: The converting of difficult carbonic matters into the simple carbonic matters slowly in the presence of enzymes. This process is called fermentation.

Q4: Name that process by which we get ethanol from sugarcane and fruits juice.

Ans: Fermentation.

Q5:What is Ester? Write its uses.

Ans: The reaction by ethanol and ethanoic acid resulting forms the compound that is called Ester. 

Uses of Ester:

It is used in making perfumes and flavouring agents.  

Q6: What is Esterification reaction?

Ans: The reaction which gives Ester that is called estrification.

Q7: Define soapnification.

Ans: Ester reacts in the presence of an acid or a base to give back the alcohol and carboxylic acid this reaction is known as soapnification. 

Q8: write UPAC name of the simplest Aldehyde. What is its general name?

Ans: UPAC name of the simplest Aldehyde is methanol. Its general name is formaldehyde. 

Q9: What is formalin? Write its use.

Ans: 30 – 40 percent aqueous solution of formaldehyde is called as formalin. It is used in laboratory to preserve died sample of animals and its organs to keep for a long time.     

Q10: What is the nature of carboxylic group.

Ans: The nature of carboxylic group is acidic.

Q11: write the chemical formula of white led.

Ans: 2PbCIO₃Pb(OH)

Q12: Name the compound of carboxylic group which is used in manufacturing of white led.

Ans: Ethanoic Acid.

Q13: write three uses of Ethanoic Acid.

Ans: Three uses of Ethanoic Acid.

(i)  For preparing vinegar.

(ii)  As laboratory’s regent

(iii) Manufacturing of white led. 

Q14: Why does Ethanoic Acid dissolve in water in all ratios?

Ans: Ethanoic acid is an odorless and highly smelling liquid. Its melting point is 290 k . so it dissolve in water in all ratios.

Q15: write the name of that compound which is used for preservation of food materials and pickles.

Ans: Ethanoic Acid.

Q16: In presence of which enzyme is Ethanol oxidised in air?
Ans: Acitobactor Enzyme.

Q17: What is called the oxidised substance?

Ans: vinegar.

Q18: write the balance equation for this reaction.

Q19: Write a modern method for commercial manufacturing of Ethanoic Acid.

Ans: Ethanoic acid forms After reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide in presence of iodine radium.

Q20: what is chemical bond?

Ans: When one or more atoms share among themselves then they make a bond among their ions and they achieve the configuration of their nearest novel gas which is called chemical bond.

Q21: What is covalent bond?

Ans: The bonds which are formed by the sharing of an electron pair     between two atoms are known covalent bond.

Q22: What is structural isomer?

Ans: Such a compound which has identical (same) molecular formula but structure is difference is called structural isomer.

Q23: What is Hydro carbon?

Ans: All the compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen is called hydrocarbon.

Q24: What is Hetroatoms?

Ans: In a hydrocarbon chain, one or more hydrogens can be replaced by these elements, such that the valency of carbon remains satisfied. In such compounds, the element replacing hydrogen is referred to as a Hetroatoms.

Q25: write the name of two elements that show the characteristics of hetroatoms.

Ans: Chlorine and bromine. 

Q26: Which bonding is mostly shown by carbon in its compounds?

Ans: Carbon mostly shows covalent bonding in its compounds.

Q27: Why is hard water not suitable for washing clothes with soap?

Ans: Hard water contains calcium and magnesium salts that react with soap to form an insoluble scum. As a result, soap does not produce enough lather, making hard water unsuitable for washing clothes.

Q28: Why do saturated hydrocarbons give a clean flame while unsaturated carbon compounds give yellow flames?

Ans: Saturated hydrocarbons burn completely in air and produce a clean blue flame. Unsaturated carbon compounds undergo incomplete combustion due to their higher carbon content, producing a yellow sooty flame.

Q29: Why are carbon compounds poor conductors of electricity?

Ans: Carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they are covalent compounds and do not contain free ions or free electrons to conduct electric current.

Q30: What is a catalyst?

Ans: A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.

Q31: Which acid is called glacial acetic acid and why?

Ans: Pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid because it freezes at about 16.6°C, forming ice-like crystals that resemble glaciers.

Q32: Give reasons why the melting point and boiling point of carbon compounds are generally low.

Ans: Carbon compounds have low melting and boiling points because they are mostly covalent compounds with weak intermolecular forces. Only a small amount of energy is needed to separate their molecules.

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