Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) - Introduction - English Grammar
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) - Introduction - Explore complete English Grammar concepts Correction with clear rules, examples and exam-oriented practice exercises.
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English Grammar Notes, Tenses Rules and Examples, Parts of Speech Notes, Active and Passive Voice, Direct and Indirect Speech, Modals and Auxiliaries, Articles and Prepositions, Sentence Correction Practice, English Grammar for Exams, Board Exam Grammar Preparation, Grammar Rules with Examples, English Grammar Study Material
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) - Introduction - English Grammar
Explore comprehensive English Grammar, Hindi Vyakaran, Writing Skills, and Hindi–English Translation notes designed for clear concept building and exam preparation. This section covers essential grammar rules with examples, parts of speech, tenses, voice and narration, along with structured formats for letter writing and essay writing. Whether you are preparing for school exams or competitive tests, these well-organized and easy-to-understand notes will help you strengthen your language skills and improve accuracy in both Hindi and English.
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech) - Introduction - English Grammar
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)
Introduction
Narration (कथन)
हमारी कही गयी बातें कथन (statement/speech) होती है | जिसे grammar की भाषा में Narraion कहा जाता है |
Narration दो प्रकार के होते हैं |
(i) Direct Speech: जब हम किसी की कही गयी speech को हुबहू (ठीक उसी प्रकार) रख देते है तो इस प्रकार के speech को direct speech कहते है |
जैसे : Mohan said to me, " I am going to play music."
मोहन ने मुझसे कहा, " मैं संगीत बजाने जा रहा हूँ |"
Ajay said to her, "You can lose your opportunity this time"
अजय ने उससे कहा, "तुम इस वक्त अपना मौका गँवा सकती हो |"
# यहाँ कही गयी speech को " " inverted commas में रखा गया है जो ठीक उसी प्रकार है जिस प्रकार कहने वाले ने उसे कहा था |
(ii) Indirect Speech: जब हम किस की कही गयी speech को हुबहू न कह कर उसके कथन (speech) को अपने तरीके से कहते है तो उस speech को indirect speech कहते हैं |
जैसे : Mohan told me that he was going to play music.
मोहन ने मुझसे कहा कि वह संगीत बजाने जा रहा है |
Ajay told her that she could lose her opportunity that time.
अजय ने उससे कहा कि वह उस वक्त अपना मौका गँवा सकती है |
# यहाँ speech और उसका कहने का तरीका बदल गया | लेकिन मूल बात वही है |
Direct speech के दो भाग होते है |
(i) Reporting verb
(ii) Reported speech
Pronouns को कैसे बदलें ?
Reported Speech अर्थात " " (inverted Commas) के अन्दर के Pronouns जैसे - I, We, you, my, He, She, it, They आदि को इस table की मदद से निम्न नियमों के अनुसार बदलें |
S O N
1 2 3
1st Person को subject के अनुसार बदलें |
2nd Person को object के अनुसार बदलें |
3rd Person में कोई बदलाव नहीं अर्थात No Changing.
Personal Pronouns
|
Singular |
Plural |
|||||
| Persons | Subject | Possesive | Object | Subject | Possesive | Object |
| Ist person | I | My | Me | We | Our | Us |
| 2nd Person | You | Your | You | You | Your | You |
| 3rd Person |
He She It |
His Her Its |
Him Her It |
They | Their | Them |
यदि reporting verb का Tense Past Tense में हो तो reported speech का Tense निम्नानुसार बदले, इस simple rule से Tense बदल जाता है :
(i) is/am/are ⇒ was/were में
(ii) was/were ⇒ had been में
(iii) has/have ⇒ had में
(iv) V1 ⇒ V2 में
(v) do not/does not ⇒ did not में
(vi) V2 ⇒ had + V3 में
(vii) can ⇒ could में
(viii) may ⇒ might में और
(ix) will/shall ⇒ would/should में बदले
Tense को बदलना :
उपरोक्त नियम के उपयोग से;
⇒ Present Indefinite को Past Indefinite में
⇒ Present Continuous को Past Continuous में
⇒ Present Perfect को Past Perfect में
⇒ Past Indefinite को Past Perfect में
⇒ Past Continuous को Past Perfect Continuous में बदल जायेगा |
Example 1:
I want (V1) a new pen. (Present Indefinite)
I wanted (V2) a new pen. (Past Indefinte)
# यहाँ want verb का first form को verb के second form wanted में सिर्फ बदल देने से पूरा tense बदल जाता है |
Example 2 :
I was taking rest. (Past Continuous Tense)
I had been taking rest. (Past Perfect Continuous Tense)
# यहाँ was को had been में बदल देने से Tense कैसे बदल गया ?
दूसरा उदाहरण:
He was (V2 को) ill today. (Past Indefinte)
He had been (had been में) ill today. (Past Perfect)
# यहाँ भी यही नियम कार्य करेगा | आपने देखा कि Past Indefinite का वाक्य was को had been में बदल देने से Past Perfect बन जाता है |
Example 3:
She does not live in Mumbai. (Presnet Indefinite)
She did not live in Mumbai. (Past Indefinite)
# यहाँ ऊपर के नियम apply कर सिर्फ Helping Verbs बदल देने से Tense बदल गया |
You are playing cricket. (Present Continuous Tense)
You were playing cricket. (Past Continuous Tense)
इसके साथ-साथ inverted commas के अंदर के इन शब्दों (words) को भी बदले |
Now ⇒then
today ⇒ that day
tonight ⇒ that night
Here ⇒ there
Hence ⇒ Thence
Yesterday ⇒ The previous day
tomorrow ⇒ The next day
This ⇒ that
These ⇒ Those
Narration (Direct and Indirect Speech)
English Grammar Chapters:
Comprehensive Hindi Vyakaran Study Material
In addition to English grammar, this guide provides detailed Hindi Vyakaran Notes covering essential grammar topics required in school and board examinations.
- संज्ञा और उसके भेद
- सर्वनाम
- विशेषण
- क्रिया और काल
- वचन और लिंग
- समास
- संधि
- अलंकार
- मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ
Each topic is explained with examples and easy definitions to improve conceptual clarity.
Writing Skills for Academic Excellence
Strong Writing Skills are essential for scoring well in language papers. Structured writing demonstrates clarity of thought and proper grammar application.
Key Writing Formats Covered:
- Letter Writing Format (Formal & Informal)
- Essay Writing
- Paragraph Writing
- Notice Writing
- Application Writing
Students are guided with proper format, structure, tone, and model examples to ensure exam-ready preparation.
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