Class 6 Social Science Solutions English Medium

NCERT Solutions Class 6 Social Science English Medium

Grassroots Democracy - Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas

Topic: Child-Friendly Panchayat Initiative

Chapter 11. Grassroots Democracy – Part 2: Local Government in Rural Areas

Child-Friendly Panchayat Initiative

The Child-Friendly Panchayat Initiative creates opportunities for children to express their ideas and opinions on matters related to their wellbeing.

• Panchayats are expected to listen to everyone's voice, including the voice of children.
• The initiative encourages children to participate in local governance.
• Children can express their ideas and opinions about matters concerning their wellbeing.
• Several States encourage children to participate regularly in Bal Sabhas and Bal Panchayats.
• Village elders try to find solutions to the concerns raised by children.
• Bal Panchayats can help children become aware of their rights and responsibilities.
• Children's participation helps develop leadership and democratic values.

Bal Panchayat

A Bal Panchayat is a children's group that provides children with opportunities to participate in democratic activities and raise issues concerning their wellbeing.

• Bal Panchayats encourage children to participate in community activities.
• Children can discuss problems affecting their education and wellbeing.
• In Maharashtra, some Bal Panchayats have worked against child labour.
• Some Bal Panchayats have also worked against child marriage.
• They have helped bring many children back to school.
• Bal Panchayat members may convince parents and other adults to send children back to school.
• They also encourage adults not to arrange marriages for girls who should continue their education.

Sangkhu Radhu Khandu Gram Panchayat

• Sangkhu Radhu Khandu Gram Panchayat is located in West Sikkim.
• It has given importance to the needs and rights of children.
• The Panchayat built compound walls around schools to make them safer for children.
• It constructed kitchens in schools to ensure hygienically cooked mid-day meals.
• For these efforts, it was declared a Child-Friendly Gram Panchayat.

Children's Parliament

The Children's Parliament was an offshoot of Bunker Roy's Barefoot College initiative in Rajasthan. It empowered underprivileged rural children through education and democratic participation.

• The initiative was started for children in rural areas of Rajasthan.
• It focused especially on underprivileged children.
• Children aged 8 to 14 years participated in governance processes.
• Children learnt about democracy and social responsibility.
• Night schools were used as part of the initiative.
• Parliament-like elections were conducted.
• The elections included formal procedures such as voter ID cards and campaigning.
• Elected representatives formed a Cabinet.
• The Cabinet helped oversee school management.
• Children also advocated for community needs.
• The initiative developed leadership skills among children.
• It increased social awareness among children.
• Children learnt to challenge social norms and advocate for change.
• They addressed issues such as education, sanitation and social equality.
• The initiative also contributed to community development.
• The Children's Parliament received several accolades.
• It received the World's Children's Honorary Award in 2001.

Children's Parliament – Important Features

Panchayat Samiti

The Panchayat Samiti functions at the block level and acts as a link between the Gram Panchayat and the Zila Parishad.

• Panchayat Samiti is the middle level of the Panchayati Raj System.
• It functions at the block level.
• It connects the Gram Panchayats with the Zila Parishad.
• Its members are elected by local people.
• Other members may also include Sarpanchs of villages in the area.
• Local members of the State Legislative Assembly may also be included.
• The exact composition of Panchayat Samitis differs from State to State.
• Its main role is to strengthen the participation of local people.
• It coordinates matters across different Gram Panchayats.
• It collects development plans from Gram Panchayats.
• It puts the plans together for presentation at the District or State level.
• It helps facilitate the allotment of funds for development projects.
• It also helps implement government schemes in rural areas.

Panchayat Samiti – Key Functions

• Coordinates the work of different Gram Panchayats.
• Collects development plans from Gram Panchayats.
• Combines development plans for higher-level consideration.
• Helps in presenting development plans at the District or State level.
• Facilitates the allotment of funds for development projects.
• Supports the implementation of government schemes.
• Strengthens participation of local people.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana promotes the construction of all-weather roads in rural areas.

• It is an important government scheme related to rural roads.
• It promotes better road connectivity in rural areas.
• Panchayat-level institutions help facilitate development projects and government schemes.
• Better roads improve connectivity between villages and other areas.

Zila Parishad

The Zila Parishad, also called the District Panchayat, functions at the district level and forms the highest level of the Panchayati Raj System.

• Zila Parishad works at the district level.
• It is the highest tier of the Panchayati Raj System.
• It works above the Panchayat Samiti.
• It coordinates development activities at the district level.
• It receives and considers development plans coming from lower levels.
• It works with other levels of Panchayati Raj institutions.

Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad – Difference

Participation of Disadvantaged Sections

Special rules have been made at all three levels of Panchayati Raj so that disadvantaged sections of the population can make their needs and problems heard.

• Special provisions are available at all three levels.
• These provisions encourage the participation of disadvantaged sections.
• They help such groups express their needs and problems.
• Participation of disadvantaged sections makes local governance more inclusive.
• It strengthens the democratic character of Panchayati Raj institutions.

Reservation for Women

• Panchayati Raj institutions provide reservation for women.
• At least one-third of the seats are reserved for women.
• This provision encourages greater participation of women in local governance.
• More and more women have become Sarpanchs in recent years.
• Women's participation can help bring attention to issues affecting families, children and communities.

Panchayati Raj in Different States

• The structure of Panchayati Raj institutions may differ slightly from State to State.
• The functions of these institutions may also vary to some extent.
• This is because the States have authority over these institutions.
• Despite these differences, their basic objectives remain the same.
• The main objective is to enable villagers to actively participate in the management and development of their villages.
• They also help villagers participate in the development of the local area.

Direct and Representative Democracy in Panchayati Raj

• Democracy in the Panchayati Raj System works through direct participation as well as elected representatives.
• Gram Sabha provides an important opportunity for direct participation.
• People discuss local matters and take decisions in the Gram Sabha.
• People also participate through representatives whom they elect.
• Gram Panchayat members are elected representatives at the village level.
• This combination strengthens grassroots democracy.

Why is Panchayati Raj Important?

• It brings governance closer to rural people.
• It gives people opportunities to participate in decision-making.
• It helps solve local problems at the local level.
• It promotes rural development.
• It helps implement government schemes at the grassroots level.
• It encourages people to take responsibility for the development of their villages.
• It provides opportunities for women and disadvantaged sections to participate in governance.
• It encourages children to understand and participate in democratic processes.
• It gives rural people a measure of self-governance.

Panchayati Raj and Self-Governance

Panchayati Raj gives people in rural areas a measure of self-governance by allowing them to manage local issues and participate in development plans.

• People participate in managing their local affairs.
• Villagers discuss local problems and development needs.
• They participate directly through the Gram Sabha.
• They participate indirectly through elected representatives.
• This strengthens democracy at the grassroots level.

Arthaśhāstra and Ancient Administrative Organisation

The Arthaśhāstra is an ancient text of governance written by Kauṭilya, later also known as Chāṇakya, about 2,300 years ago.

• The Arthaśhāstra is an ancient text dealing with governance.
• It explains how a state should be structured and run.
• It discusses ways to make the economy prosperous.
• It describes the duties of the ruler.
• It also discusses how to conduct war.
• Kauṭilya explains an administrative structure extending from the village to the regional capital.

Administrative Units Mentioned in the Arthaśhāstra

Arthaśhāstra – Important Points

• Arthaśhāstra is an ancient text on governance.
• It was written by Kauṭilya, also known as Chāṇakya.
• It is about 2,300 years old.
• It deals with administration, economy, duties of the ruler and warfare.
• It describes an administrative structure from the village to the regional capital.
• Sangrahaṇa was mentioned for every 10 villages.
• Kārvaṭika was mentioned for every 100 villages.
• Droṇamukha was mentioned for every 400 villages.
• Sthānīya was mentioned for every 800 villages.

Important Terms – Notes 2

Quick Revision – Notes 2

• ✔ Child-Friendly Panchayats listen to children's concerns.
• ✔ Bal Panchayats encourage children's democratic participation.
• ✔ Some Bal Panchayats have worked against child labour and child marriage.
• ✔ Sangkhu Radhu Khandu Gram Panchayat is an example of a Child-Friendly Panchayat.
• ✔ Children's Parliament was an offshoot of Bunker Roy's Barefoot College initiative.
• ✔ Children's Parliament involved children aged 8 to 14 years.
• ✔ Panchayat Samiti works at the block level.
• ✔ Panchayat Samiti links Gram Panchayat with Zila Parishad.
• ✔ Panchayat Samiti coordinates development plans of Gram Panchayats.
• ✔ Zila Parishad works at the district level.
• ✔ Special provisions help disadvantaged sections participate in Panchayati Raj.
• ✔ At least one-third of seats are reserved for women.
• ✔ Panchayati Raj structures and functions may differ slightly from State to State.
• ✔ Panchayati Raj combines direct participation and elected representation.
• ✔ Panchayati Raj gives rural people a measure of self-governance.
• ✔ Arthaśhāstra was written by Kauṭilya about 2,300 years ago.
• ✔ Arthaśhāstra describes an administrative structure from the village to the regional capital.

Important Differences

Key Takeaways – Notes 2

• ✔ Panchayati Raj strengthens grassroots democracy.
• ✔ Children can also participate in democratic processes.
• ✔ Panchayat Samiti provides coordination at the block level.
• ✔ Zila Parishad coordinates development at the district level.
• ✔ Women and disadvantaged sections are given opportunities for participation.
• ✔ Panchayati Raj promotes self-government and rural development.
• ✔ The system combines direct participation with elected representation.
• ✔ The Arthaśhāstra shows that organised administrative structures existed in ancient India.

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