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Class 10 History Solutions English Medium
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 are specially prepared according to the latest CBSE syllabus (2026-27) to help students understand every concept clearly. These solutions provide step-by-step explanations, accurate answers, and exam-oriented guidance for all chapters. Class 10 students can improve their problem-solving skills, strengthen conceptual understanding, and prepare confidently for school as well as board examinations. All questions are solved in a simple and easy-to-understand language for both Hindi and English medium learners.
Class 10 History Solutions English Medium
NCERT Solutions Class 10 History English Medium
Chapter 4. The Age of Industrialisation
Topic: Assignments - What Have You Learned?
Assignments for Preparation
Attempt the following Multiple Choice Questions carefully. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) Britain
(d) Italy
2. What is meant by Proto-Industrialisation?
(a) Factory production after industrialisation
(b) Production before the establishment of factories
(c) Production only in urban factories
(d) Machine-based production system
3. During the proto-industrial period, merchants supplied raw materials mainly to:
(a) Government factories
(b) Urban guilds only
(c) Rural households
(d) Foreign companies
4. Guilds were associations of:
(a) Farmers
(b) Soldiers
(c) Skilled craftsmen
(d) Merchants
5. Who improved the steam engine in 1769?
(a) Henry Ford
(b) James Watt
(c) Richard Arkwright
(d) Thomas Edison
6. The steam engine mainly helped in:
(a) Reducing agricultural production
(b) Increasing industrial production
(c) Ending international trade
(d) Decreasing factory output
7. Which industry expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
(a) Textile Industry
(b) Film Industry
(c) Information Technology Industry
(d) Tourism Industry
8. Which of the following was a major feature of the factory system?
(a) Home-based production only
(b) Machine-based mass production
(c) Handmade luxury goods only
(d) Agricultural production
9. The first cotton textile mill in India was established in:
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Bombay (Mumbai)
(d) Delhi
10. In which year was the first cotton textile mill established in Bombay?
(a) 1854
(b) 1855
(c) 1870
(d) 1907
11. The first jute mill in India was established at:
(a) Surat
(b) Kanpur
(c) Rishra
(d) Nagpur
12. Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata founded:
(a) Reserve Bank of India
(b) Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)
(c) East India Company
(d) Indian Railways
13. TISCO was established in:
(a) 1857
(b) 1885
(c) 1907
(d) 1919
14. Which event provided a major boost to Indian industries?
(a) Revolt of 1857
(b) First World War
(c) Second World War
(d) Non-Cooperation Movement
15. Henry Ford is famous for introducing:
(a) Steam Engine
(b) Assembly Line Production
(c) Cotton Gin
(d) Spinning Jenny
16. Which of the following helped manufacturers attract customers?
(a) Advertisements and Branding
(b) Military Power
(c) Heavy Taxation
(d) Forest Laws
17. Which of the following is an example of a small-scale industry?
(a) Household Handloom Weaving
(b) Iron and Steel Plant
(c) Automobile Factory
(d) Oil Refinery
18. Industrialisation led to:
(a) Decline in urbanisation
(b) Increase in factory production
(c) End of machine production
(d) Reduction in trade
19. Which of the following remained important even after factories expanded?
(a) Handmade Goods
(b) Barter System
(c) Feudal Agriculture
(d) Slave Labour
20. The main impact of industrialisation was:
(a) Reduction in production and trade
(b) Growth of factories, technology, and large-scale production
(c) End of international markets
(d) Decline of transport and communication
Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
1. What is meant by industrialisation?
2. Define Proto-Industrialisation.
3. Who improved the steam engine in 1769?
4. What was the main function of guilds?
5. Why did merchants organise production in rural areas?
6. Name the first cotton textile mill city in India.
7. Where was the first jute mill established in India?
8. Who founded the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)?
9. In which year was TISCO established?
10. What is meant by the factory system?
11. What is an assembly line?
12. Name one industry that expanded rapidly during the Industrial Revolution.
13. Why did advertisements become important during industrialisation?
14. Which war gave a major boost to Indian industries?
15. Name one important feature of machine-based production.
Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)
1. Explain the meaning and importance of Proto-Industrialisation.
2. Why did merchants shift production from towns to villages?
3. Describe the role of guilds during the proto-industrial period.
4. Explain the contribution of James Watt to industrial development.
5. Why did factory production gradually replace domestic production?
6. Explain any three reasons why handmade goods continued to survive even after the growth of factories.
7. Describe the growth of the cotton textile industry in India.
8. Explain the role of Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in India's industrial development.
9. How did the First World War help the growth of Indian industries?
10. Explain the importance of advertisements and branding in industrial production.
Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)
1. Explain the features of Proto-Industrialisation. How did it prepare the foundation for factory production?
2. Describe the growth of factories in Britain. Explain the role of machines and the steam engine in industrial development.
3. Explain the major factors responsible for the growth of modern industries in India.
4. Describe the contribution of Indian entrepreneurs towards the development of industries during the colonial period.
5. Explain the causes for the decline of traditional handicraft industries in India.
6. Discuss the impact of the First World War on the growth of Indian industries.
7. Explain the role of advertisements, branding, and consumer markets in the growth of industrialisation.
8. "Industrialisation brought both economic progress and social challenges." Justify the statement with suitable examples.
Assertion and Reason Questions
1.
Assertion (A): Proto-Industrialisation existed before the establishment of factories.
Reason (R): Merchants organised production through rural households.
2.
Assertion (A): Guilds opposed the expansion of merchant production.
Reason (R): Guilds wanted to maintain control over production and trade.
3.
Assertion (A): The steam engine accelerated industrial growth.
Reason (R): It increased the speed and efficiency of machine production.
4.
Assertion (A): Handmade goods completely disappeared after factories were established.
Reason (R): Many consumers continued to prefer handmade products.
5.
Assertion (A): The First World War encouraged the growth of Indian industries.
Reason (R): Imports from Britain declined during the war.
6.
Assertion (A): Jamsetji Tata played an important role in India's industrial development.
Reason (R): He established the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).
7.
Assertion (A): Advertisements became important during industrialisation.
Reason (R): Manufacturers used branding to attract more customers.
8.
Assertion (A): Henry Ford introduced the assembly line system.
Reason (R): The assembly line reduced production time and cost.
9.
Assertion (A): Machine production increased industrial output.
Reason (R): Machines produced goods faster than manual labour.
10.
Assertion (A): Industrialisation encouraged urbanisation.
Reason (R): Factories created employment opportunities in towns and cities.
Case-Based Questions
Case Study 1
Before factories were established, merchants supplied raw materials to rural households. Families produced goods in their homes and returned the finished products to merchants, who sold them in domestic and foreign markets.
1. What is this system of production called?
2. Why did merchants organise production in villages?
3. Mention one advantage of Proto-Industrialisation.
Case Study 2
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the eighteenth century. Machines and steam power transformed production and led to the rapid growth of factories.
1. In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?
2. Who improved the steam engine?
3. Explain one impact of machine-based production.
Case Study 3
Although factories expanded rapidly, handmade products continued to remain popular because skilled artisans produced unique and high-quality goods.
1. Why did handmade goods continue to survive?
2. Mention one advantage of handmade products.
3. How did factories differ from household production?
Case Study 4
Modern industries gradually developed in India during the nineteenth century. Cotton mills in Bombay and jute mills in Bengal became important industrial centres.
1. Where was the first cotton textile mill established?
2. Which industry developed mainly in Bengal?
3. Explain one reason for the growth of industries in India.
Case Study 5
During the First World War, imports from Britain declined. Indian industries received more orders and expanded production to meet the growing demand.
1. Which event encouraged industrial growth in India?
2. Why did Indian factories receive more orders?
3. Mention one impact of the First World War on Indian industries.
Source-Based Questions
Source 1
"Proto-Industrialisation was a system in which merchants supplied raw materials to rural households. Goods were manufactured at home before the rise of factories."
1. What is Proto-Industrialisation?
2. Who supplied raw materials?
3. Why is Proto-Industrialisation considered the first stage of industrialisation?
Source 2
"The steam engine transformed manufacturing by increasing production and reducing dependence on water power."
1. Who improved the steam engine?
2. Mention one advantage of the steam engine.
3. How did it help industrial growth?
Source 3
"Industrialisation brought rapid growth of factories, but handmade goods continued to survive because many customers preferred quality craftsmanship."
1. Why did handmade goods remain popular?
2. Name one feature of factory production.
3. Mention one difference between handmade and machine-made goods.
Source 4
"The First World War created new opportunities for Indian industries because imports from Britain declined and demand for Indian products increased."
1. Which war is referred to in the source?
2. Why did Indian industries expand during the war?
3. Mention one benefit received by Indian factories.
Source 5
"Manufacturers used advertisements, labels, and attractive packaging to increase sales and build customer confidence."
1. Why did manufacturers use advertisements?
2. What was the purpose of brand labels?
3. Explain one advantage of attractive packaging.
Competency-Based Questions
1. Explain how Proto-Industrialisation prepared the foundation for the factory system.
2. Why did merchants depend on rural households instead of urban guilds?
3. Explain how the steam engine changed industrial production.
4. Compare household production with factory production.
5. Why did handmade goods continue to survive despite factory production?
6. Explain the contribution of Jamsetji Tata to India's industrial growth.
7. How did the First World War benefit Indian industries?
8. Explain the importance of advertisements in increasing industrial sales.
9. How did industrialisation change the lives of workers?
10. Explain how technology transformed modern industries.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
1. "Industrialisation changed not only production but also society." Explain.
2. If machines had never been invented, how would modern industries be different?
3. Why is Proto-Industrialisation considered an important stage in economic history?
4. Was the steam engine the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution? Give reasons.
5. Why did Indian handicrafts decline under British rule?
6. Explain the role of Indian entrepreneurs in promoting industrial development.
7. Discuss both the positive and negative effects of industrialisation.
8. How did branding and advertisements influence consumer behaviour?
9. Explain why industrialisation encouraged urbanisation.
10. How does industrialisation continue to influence modern economic development?
Map-Based Questions
1. Locate and label Bombay (Mumbai), the centre of the cotton textile industry.
2. Locate and label Rishra near Kolkata, the site of the first jute mill.
3. Locate and label Jamshedpur, the home of Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO).
4. Locate and label Britain, where the Industrial Revolution began.
5. Locate and label Kolkata, an important industrial city of colonial India.
Chronology / Timeline Questions
1. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Industrial Revolution, First Cotton Textile Mill in Bombay, TISCO Established, First World War.
2. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
James Watt improved the Steam Engine, First Jute Mill, TISCO, Assembly Line Production.
3. Write the correct year for each event:
(a) Steam Engine Improved
(b) First Cotton Textile Mill
(c) First Jute Mill
(d) TISCO Established
4. Prepare a timeline showing the major industrial developments from 1769 to 1918.
5. Which event occurred first and which occurred last?
Steam Engine Improved, First Cotton Textile Mill, TISCO, First World War.
Match the Following
1.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| James Watt | Steam Engine |
| Henry Ford | Assembly Line |
| Jamsetji Tata | TISCO |
| Bombay | Cotton Textile Industry |
| Rishra | Jute Mill |
2. Match the following terms with their correct descriptions.
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Proto-Industrialisation | Production Before Factories |
| Guild | Association of Craftsmen |
| Factory System | Machine-Based Production |
| Brand Label | Product Identification |
| Advertisement | Promotion of Goods |
Identify the Personality
1. I improved the steam engine in 1769. Who am I?
2. I introduced the assembly line system in modern manufacturing. Who am I?
3. I founded the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO). Who am I?
4. I was one of the early Indian industrialists who invested in coal mines, shipping, and trade. Who am I?
5. I invented the Water Frame and contributed to the growth of the British textile industry. Who am I?
Answer Key
Multiple Choice Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 | (c) Britain |
| 2 | (b) Production before the establishment of factories |
| 3 | (c) Rural households |
| 4 | (c) Skilled craftsmen |
| 5 | (b) James Watt |
| 6 | (b) Increasing industrial production |
| 7 | (a) Textile Industry |
| 8 | (b) Machine-based mass production |
| 9 | (c) Bombay (Mumbai) |
| 10 | (a) 1854 |
| 11 | (c) Rishra |
| 12 | (b) Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) |
| 13 | (c) 1907 |
| 14 | (b) First World War |
| 15 | (b) Assembly Line Production |
| 16 | (a) Advertisements and Branding |
| 17 | (a) Household Handloom Weaving |
| 18 | (b) Increase in factory production |
| 19 | (a) Handmade Goods |
| 20 | (b) Growth of factories, technology, and large-scale production |
Assertion and Reason Questions
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Match the Following – Set 1
| Column A | Correct Match |
|---|---|
| James Watt | Steam Engine |
| Henry Ford | Assembly Line |
| Jamsetji Tata | Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) |
| Bombay (Mumbai) | Cotton Textile Industry |
| Rishra | First Jute Mill |
Match the Following – Set 2
| Term | Correct Match |
|---|---|
| Proto-Industrialisation | Production Before Factories |
| Guild | Association of Craftsmen |
| Factory System | Machine-Based Production |
| Brand Label | Product Identification |
| Advertisement | Promotion of Goods |
Identify the Personality
- James Watt
- Henry Ford
- Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata
- Dwarkanath Tagore
- Richard Arkwright
See other Sub-topics of this chapter:
2. Proto-Industrialisation and the Beginning of Industrialisation
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