Class 10 History Solutions English Medium

NCERT Solutions Class 10 History English Medium

Chapter 3. The Making of a Global World

Topic: Assignments - What Have You Learned?

Assignments for Preparation

Attempt the following Multiple Choice Questions carefully. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The process of increasing economic, cultural, and political connections among countries is known as:

(a) Nationalism
(b) Globalisation
(c) Liberalism
(d) Industrialisation

2. The Silk Routes connected:

(a) Asia, Europe and North Africa
(b) Australia and Europe
(c) North America and Africa
(d) South America and Asia

3. Which explorer reached America in 1492?

(a) Vasco da Gama
(b) Ferdinand Magellan
(c) Christopher Columbus
(d) James Cook

4. Vasco da Gama reached Calicut (India) in:

(a) 1492
(b) 1495
(c) 1498
(d) 1502

5. Which crops originally came from the Americas?

(a) Wheat and Rice
(b) Potato and Maize
(c) Cotton and Tea
(d) Coffee and Sugarcane

6. The Industrial Revolution mainly promoted:

(a) Agricultural decline
(b) Large-scale machine production
(c) Reduction in trade
(d) End of international trade

7. The Corn Laws were introduced to protect:

(a) Indian farmers
(b) British industrial workers
(c) British landlords and farmers
(d) African traders

8. In which year were the Corn Laws repealed in Britain?

(a) 1815
(b) 1846
(c) 1857
(d) 1880

9. Rinderpest was a disease that mainly affected:

(a) Human beings
(b) Cotton crops
(c) Cattle
(d) Wheat plants

10. Rinderpest spread rapidly in:

(a) Europe
(b) Australia
(c) Africa
(d) South America

11. Indentured labourers from India were mainly sent to:

(a) Japan and China
(b) Mauritius and Fiji
(c) Germany and France
(d) Russia and Canada

12. The First World War was fought between:

(a) 1905–1909
(b) 1910–1913
(c) 1914–1918
(d) 1920–1924

13. The Great Depression began in:

(a) 1918
(b) 1925
(c) 1929
(d) 1935

14. The Great Depression first started in:

(a) Britain
(b) Germany
(c) United States of America
(d) France

15. The Bretton Woods Conference was held in:

(a) 1939
(b) 1942
(c) 1944
(d) 1948

16. Which international organisation was established to promote global monetary cooperation?

(a) UNESCO
(b) IMF
(c) WHO
(d) WTO

17. The World Bank mainly provides:

(a) Military assistance
(b) Development loans
(c) Election support
(d) Agricultural seeds

18. Multinational Companies (MNCs) are companies that:

(a) Operate only in one country
(b) Operate in several countries
(c) Manufacture only agricultural products
(d) Belong only to governments

19. Which of the following is an important feature of globalisation?

(a) Decline in international trade
(b) Isolation of economies
(c) Increased movement of goods, services and capital
(d) End of technological development

20. The main objective of the Bretton Woods System was to:

(a) Expand colonial rule
(b) Promote international economic stability and cooperation
(c) End international trade
(d) Increase military alliances

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. What is meant by globalisation?

2. What were the Silk Routes?

3. Who discovered the sea route to India in 1498?

4. What were the Corn Laws?

5. What was Rinderpest?

6. What is meant by indentured labour?

7. In which year did the First World War begin?

8. In which year did the Great Depression begin?

9. What was the Bretton Woods Conference?

10. Name the two institutions established under the Bretton Woods System.

11. What is meant by a multinational company (MNC)?

12. Name any one crop that travelled from the Americas to the rest of the world.

13. Why were steamships important for world trade?

14. Name any one country where Indian indentured labourers were sent.

15. What was the main objective of the Bretton Woods System?

Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)

1. Explain the importance of the Silk Routes in the pre-modern world.

2. Describe any three factors that connected different parts of the world before modern globalisation.

3. Explain the role of Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama in expanding global trade.

4. What were the Corn Laws? Why were they repealed?

5. Explain the causes and effects of the spread of Rinderpest in Africa.

6. What is meant by indentured labour? Why did many Indians migrate under this system?

7. Explain any three economic consequences of the First World War.

8. Describe the major causes of the Great Depression.

9. Explain the objectives of the Bretton Woods Conference.

10. How has globalisation affected the Indian economy? Give any three points.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Explain how trade, migration, and the exchange of ideas helped in the making of a global world.

2. Describe the importance of the Silk Routes in promoting trade and cultural exchange.

3. Explain the features of the nineteenth-century world economy.

4. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Great Depression of 1929.

5. Explain the impact of the First World War on the global economy.

6. Describe the Bretton Woods System and explain the functions of the IMF and the World Bank.

7. Explain the role of technology and transport in the growth of globalisation.

8. "Globalisation has created both opportunities and challenges." Justify the statement with suitable examples.

Assertion and Reason Questions

1.
Assertion (A): The Silk Routes connected Asia with Europe and North Africa.
Reason (R): They promoted trade as well as cultural exchange among different regions.

2.
Assertion (A): The discovery of sea routes increased international trade.
Reason (R): Sea routes reduced travel time and transportation costs.

3.
Assertion (A): The Corn Laws protected British agriculture.
Reason (R): They imposed heavy duties on imported food grains.

4.
Assertion (A): Rinderpest had a severe impact on African economies.
Reason (R): The disease destroyed millions of cattle.

5.
Assertion (A): Indentured labour replaced slavery in many colonies.
Reason (R): Workers were employed under fixed-term contracts.

6.
Assertion (A): The First World War disrupted international trade.
Reason (R): Many industries shifted their production to war materials.

7.
Assertion (A): The Great Depression affected only the United States.
Reason (R): International trade connected economies across the world.

8.
Assertion (A): The Bretton Woods Conference promoted international economic cooperation.
Reason (R): It led to the establishment of the IMF and the World Bank.

9.
Assertion (A): Multinational companies operate in several countries.
Reason (R): They invest in production, trade, and services across national boundaries.

10.
Assertion (A): Globalisation has increased economic interdependence among countries.
Reason (R): Trade, technology, and communication have connected world economies.

Case-Based Questions

Case Study 1

The Silk Routes connected Asia, Europe, and North Africa for centuries. Along these routes, merchants exchanged silk, spices, precious metals, textiles, ideas, religions, and technologies, making them one of the earliest examples of global connections.

1. Which continents were connected by the Silk Routes?

2. Name any two goods traded through the Silk Routes.

3. Explain one cultural impact of the Silk Routes.

Case Study 2

European explorers searched for new sea routes to Asia. The voyages of Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama opened new trade routes and encouraged European colonial expansion.

1. Who reached America in 1492?

2. Who reached Calicut in 1498?

3. How did these voyages influence world trade?

Case Study 3

During the nineteenth century, improvements in railways, steamships, and communication expanded international trade. Goods, capital, and labour moved more rapidly across the world.

1. Name any two technological developments that improved trade.

2. How did steamships benefit international trade?

3. Explain one feature of the nineteenth-century world economy.

Case Study 4

The Great Depression of 1929 became the most severe economic crisis of the twentieth century. Production declined, unemployment increased, and international trade collapsed in many countries.

1. In which year did the Great Depression begin?

2. Mention any two effects of the Great Depression.

3. How did the Depression affect India?

Case Study 5

After the Second World War, countries met at Bretton Woods to establish a stable international economic system. The IMF and the World Bank were created to promote economic cooperation and development.

1. In which year was the Bretton Woods Conference held?

2. Name the two institutions established after the conference.

3. State one function of the IMF or the World Bank.

Source-Based Questions

Source 1

"The Silk Routes were a network of trade routes that connected Asia with Europe and North Africa. Besides trade, they also encouraged the exchange of ideas, religions, languages, and cultures."

1. What were the Silk Routes?

2. Name any two products traded through these routes.

3. Mention one cultural contribution of the Silk Routes.

Source 2

"The discovery of new sea routes transformed world trade. European explorers established direct maritime links with Asia and the Americas."

1. Name the explorer who reached India in 1498.

2. Why were sea routes important for trade?

3. How did these discoveries encourage colonial expansion?

Source 3

"The Great Depression caused a sharp decline in production, employment, and international trade. Its effects were felt across both developed and developing countries."

1. In which year did the Great Depression begin?

2. Mention any two effects of the Depression.

3. Explain one impact on India.

Source 4

"The Bretton Woods Conference established institutions to promote international monetary cooperation and economic development after the Second World War."

1. Which conference is referred to in the source?

2. Name the two institutions established under this system.

3. State one objective of the Bretton Woods System.

Source 5

"Modern globalisation has increased the movement of goods, services, capital, technology, and information across national borders."

1. What is meant by globalisation?

2. Mention any two features of modern globalisation.

3. Explain one advantage of globalisation.

Competency-Based Questions

1. Explain how the Silk Routes contributed to the making of a global world.

2. Why did the discovery of sea routes change international trade?

3. Explain the importance of technological developments in expanding global trade.

4. How did indentured labour contribute to the growth of the global economy?

5. Why is the Great Depression considered a global economic crisis?

6. Explain how the First World War affected international trade.

7. Why was the Bretton Woods System necessary after the Second World War?

8. Explain the role of multinational companies in modern globalisation.

9. How has globalisation changed the Indian economy?

10. Explain how trade, migration, and technology are interconnected in the process of globalisation.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

1. "Globalisation is the result of centuries of historical developments." Justify the statement.

2. If the Silk Routes had never existed, how might world history have been different?

3. Was the Industrial Revolution more important than the discovery of sea routes in creating a global economy? Give reasons.

4. Why did the Great Depression spread so rapidly across different countries?

5. Explain how improvements in transport and communication accelerated globalisation.

6. "Every economic crisis teaches important lessons." Explain with reference to the Great Depression.

7. Evaluate the importance of the Bretton Woods System in maintaining global economic stability.

8. Discuss both the positive and negative effects of globalisation on developing countries.

9. Why do countries today depend on one another more than in the past?

10. Explain how history helps us understand the modern global economy.

Map-Based Questions

1. Locate and label the Silk Route on the outline map of Asia and Europe.

2. Locate and label Calicut (Kozhikode), India.

3. Locate and label Bretton Woods (USA).

4. Locate and label the continent of Africa.

5. Locate and label the United States of America.

Chronology / Timeline Questions

1. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Discovery of America, Vasco da Gama reaches India, First World War, Great Depression.

2. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Repeal of the Corn Laws, First World War, Bretton Woods Conference, Second World War.

3. Write the correct year for each event:
(a) Discovery of America
(b) Vasco da Gama reaches India
(c) Great Depression
(d) Bretton Woods Conference

4. Prepare a timeline showing the major events from 1492 to 1944.

5. Which event occurred first and which occurred last?
Discovery of America, Repeal of the Corn Laws, Great Depression, Bretton Woods Conference.

Match the Following

1.

Column A	Column B
Christopher Columbus	America
Vasco da Gama	Calicut
Rinderpest	Cattle Disease
Bretton Woods	IMF & World Bank
Great Depression	1929

2. Match the following terms with their correct descriptions.

Term	Description
Silk Routes	Ancient Trade Network
Corn Laws	Protection of British Agriculture
Indentured Labour	Contract Labour System
IMF	International Monetary Cooperation
World Bank	Development Loans

Identify the Personality

1. I reached America in 1492 while searching for a sea route to Asia. Who am I?

2. I reached Calicut, India, in 1498 through a new sea route. Who am I?

3. My economic ideas greatly influenced post-war reconstruction and the Bretton Woods System. Who am I?

4. I introduced mass production through the assembly line in modern industries. Who am I?

5. I led India's freedom movement through non-violence and inspired anti-colonial struggles across the world. Who am I?

Answer Key

Multiple Choice Questions

Question	Answer
1	(b) Globalisation
2	(a) Asia, Europe and North Africa
3	(c) Christopher Columbus
4	(c) 1498
5	(b) Potato and Maize
6	(b) Large-scale machine production
7	(c) British landlords and farmers
8	(b) 1846
9	(c) Cattle
10	(c) Africa
11	(b) Mauritius and Fiji
12	(c) 1914–1918
13	(c) 1929
14	(c) United States of America
15	(c) 1944
16	(b) IMF
17	(b) Development loans
18	(b) Operate in several countries
19	(c) Increased movement of goods, services and capital
20	(b) Promote international economic stability and cooperation

Assertion and Reason Questions

1. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
5. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
7. Assertion is false, but Reason is true.
8. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
9. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
10. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Match the Following – Set 1

Column A	Correct Match
Christopher Columbus	America
Vasco da Gama	Calicut
Rinderpest	Cattle Disease
Bretton Woods	IMF & World Bank
Great Depression	1929

Match the Following – Set 2

Term	Correct Match
Silk Routes	Ancient Trade Network
Corn Laws	Protection of British Agriculture
Indentured Labour	Contract Labour System
IMF	International Monetary Cooperation
World Bank	Development Loans

Identify the Personality

1. Christopher Columbus
2. Vasco da Gama
3. John Maynard Keynes
4. Henry Ford
5. Mahatma Gandhi

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