Class 10 History Solutions English Medium

NCERT Solutions Class 10 History English Medium

Chapter 1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Topic: Assignments - What Have You Learned?

Assignments for Preparation

Practice the following questions carefully to strengthen your conceptual understanding, improve answer-writing skills, and prepare effectively for the CBSE Board Examination 2026–27.

Attempt the following Multiple Choice Questions carefully. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which event marked the beginning of nationalism in Europe?

(a) Congress of Vienna
(b) French Revolution
(c) Industrial Revolution
(d) Russian Revolution

2. The French Revolution began in:

(a) 1776
(b) 1789
(c) 1804
(d) 1815

3. The slogan of the French Revolution was:

(a) Freedom, Peace and Justice
(b) Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
(c) Justice, Unity and Peace
(d) Truth, Justice and Freedom

4. Who introduced the Napoleonic Code?

(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Metternich

5. The Napoleonic Code was introduced in:

(a) 1789
(b) 1799
(c) 1804
(d) 1815

6. The Congress of Vienna was held in:

(a) 1804
(b) 1815
(c) 1830
(d) 1848

7. Who chaired the Congress of Vienna?

(a) Napoleon Bonaparte
(b) Otto von Bismarck
(c) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(d) Duke Metternich

8. Liberalism mainly supported:

(a) Absolute monarchy
(b) Equality before law and constitutional government
(c) Colonial rule
(d) Military dictatorship

9. Who founded the organisation "Young Italy"?

(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(b) Otto von Bismarck
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) Count Cavour

10. Count Cavour was the Chief Minister of:

(a) France
(b) Germany
(c) Sardinia-Piedmont
(d) Austria

11. Who led the famous Red Shirts?

(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(c) Napoleon Bonaparte
(d) Victor Emmanuel II

12. The unification of Italy was completed in:

(a) 1848
(b) 1861
(c) 1871
(d) 1885

13. Who is known as the architect of German unification?

(a) Napoleon Bonaparte
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Otto von Bismarck
(d) Metternich

14. Otto von Bismarck followed the policy of:

(a) Divide and Rule
(b) Blood and Iron
(c) Peaceful Coexistence
(d) Non-Cooperation

15. Germany was unified in:

(a) 1861
(b) 1866
(c) 1871
(d) 1880

16. The Frankfurt Parliament met in:

(a) Berlin
(b) Vienna
(c) Frankfurt
(d) Paris

17. Romanticism mainly promoted:

(a) Industrial growth
(b) National feeling through culture and tradition
(c) Colonial expansion
(d) Military alliances

18. Which region was known as the centre of nationalist tensions in Europe?

(a) Scandinavia
(b) Balkan Region
(c) Iberian Peninsula
(d) British Isles

19. The decline of which empire increased nationalist conflicts in the Balkans?

(a) Roman Empire
(b) Ottoman Empire
(c) French Empire
(d) Russian Empire

20. The main objective of nationalism was to:

(a) Expand colonial rule
(b) Establish independent nation-states
(c) Promote feudalism
(d) Strengthen absolute monarchy

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. What is nationalism?

2. Define a nation-state.

3. Which revolution is considered the beginning of nationalism in Europe?

4. In which year did the French Revolution begin?

5. Name the ruler of France during the French Revolution.

6. What was the main slogan of the French Revolution?

7. Who introduced the Napoleonic Code?

8. In which year was the Napoleonic Code introduced?

9. Who chaired the Congress of Vienna?

10. In which year was the Congress of Vienna held?

11. Name the organisation founded by Giuseppe Mazzini.

12. Who is known as the architect of German unification?

13. Which policy was followed by Otto von Bismarck?

14. Which region of Europe became the centre of nationalist conflicts?

15. In which year was Germany unified?

Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)

1. Explain the meaning of nationalism. Why did it become an important force in nineteenth-century Europe?

2. Describe the political condition of Europe before the French Revolution.

3. Explain any three causes of the French Revolution.

4. State any three important reforms introduced by the French Revolution.

5. Explain the main features of the Napoleonic Code.

6. What were the objectives of the Congress of Vienna?

7. Explain the meaning of Liberalism in the context of nineteenth-century Europe.

8. Describe the role of Romanticism in promoting nationalism.

9. Explain the contribution of Giuseppe Mazzini to Italian nationalism.

10. Why did the Frankfurt Parliament fail? Give any three reasons.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

1. Explain the role of the French Revolution in the growth of nationalism in Europe.

2. Describe the major decisions taken at the Congress of Vienna (1815). What were its objectives?

3. Explain the process of the unification of Italy. Highlight the role of Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi.

4. Describe the process of German unification under the leadership of Otto von Bismarck.

5. Explain the causes responsible for the rise of nationalism in the Balkan region.

6. "Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation." Explain the statement with suitable examples.

7. Compare Liberalism and Conservatism in nineteenth-century Europe.

8. Explain how nationalism changed the political map of Europe during the nineteenth century.

Assertion and Reason Questions

1.
Assertion (A): The French Revolution promoted the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity.
Reason (R): It abolished many feudal privileges in France.

2.
Assertion (A): Napoleon strengthened nationalism in Europe.
Reason (R): The Napoleonic Code introduced equality before law and abolished feudalism in many regions.

3.
Assertion (A): The Congress of Vienna encouraged liberal nationalism.
Reason (R): It restored conservative monarchies across Europe.

4.
Assertion (A): Liberalism demanded constitutional government.
Reason (R): Liberals supported the rule of absolute monarchy.

5.
Assertion (A): Romanticism strengthened nationalist feelings.
Reason (R): Artists and poets promoted a common cultural identity.

6.
Assertion (A): Giuseppe Mazzini believed in a united Italy.
Reason (R): He founded the organisation called Young Italy.

7.
Assertion (A): Otto von Bismarck followed the policy of "Blood and Iron".
Reason (R): He believed that military power was essential for German unification.

8.
Assertion (A): The Frankfurt Parliament successfully united Germany in 1848.
Reason (R): The King of Prussia accepted the crown offered by the Parliament.

9.
Assertion (A): The Balkan region remained politically stable during the nineteenth century.
Reason (R): Different ethnic groups demanded independent nation-states.

10.
Assertion (A): Nationalism changed the political map of Europe.
Reason (R): Several independent nation-states emerged during the nineteenth century.

Case-Based Questions

Case Study 1

The French Revolution introduced the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity. It abolished feudal privileges and inspired people across Europe to demand constitutional government and national unity.

1. Which revolution introduced the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity?

2. Mention any two reforms introduced after the French Revolution.

3. Explain one impact of the French Revolution on Europe.

Case Study 2

The Congress of Vienna was organised in 1815 after the defeat of Napoleon. Its main objective was to restore the old monarchies and establish political stability in Europe.

1. Who chaired the Congress of Vienna?

2. State any two objectives of the Congress of Vienna.

3. Why did the Congress oppose nationalism?

Case Study 3

Italy was divided into many states before its unification. Nationalist leaders worked together to unite the country. Mazzini inspired the people, Cavour provided political leadership and Garibaldi led military campaigns.

1. Who founded Young Italy?

2. Name the political leader of Sardinia-Piedmont.

3. Explain the role of Garibaldi in Italian unification.

Case Study 4

Germany was united under the leadership of Prussia. Otto von Bismarck believed that military strength and diplomacy were necessary for national unity.

1. Which state led German unification?

2. What was Bismarck's famous policy?

3. In which year was Germany unified?

Case Study 5

The Balkan region was inhabited by different ethnic groups. As the Ottoman Empire weakened, many Balkan nations demanded independence, leading to conflicts among European powers.

1. Why was the Balkan region politically unstable?

2. Which empire controlled most Balkan territories?

3. How did nationalism increase tensions in the Balkans?

Source-Based Questions

Source 1

"The French Revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would now constitute the nation and shape its destiny."

1. Which revolution is referred to in the source?

2. What does the word 'nation' mean in this context?

3. Mention one political change introduced by the Revolution.

Source 2

"Napoleon introduced many reforms through the Civil Code of 1804, popularly known as the Napoleonic Code."

1. Name the legal code mentioned in the source.

2. Mention any two important features of this code.

3. How did it promote nationalism?

Source 3

"Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation through language, literature, music and folklore."

1. Which movement encouraged this cultural identity?

2. Mention two cultural elements that promoted nationalism.

3. Why was culture important in nationalist movements?

Source 4

"Giuseppe Mazzini believed that God intended nations to be the natural units of mankind."

1. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

2. Name the organisation founded by him.

3. State one contribution of Mazzini to Italian nationalism.

Source 5

"The Balkans became an area of intense conflict because many ethnic groups wanted independent nation-states."

1. Which region is described in the source?

2. Why did nationalist tensions increase there?

3. Name the empire whose decline contributed to these conflicts.

Competency-Based Questions

1. Imagine you are a citizen of France in 1789. Explain how the French Revolution would have changed your daily life.

2. If you were a delegate at the Congress of Vienna, what measures would you suggest to maintain peace in Europe? Give reasons.

3. Explain how the ideas of liberty and equality helped in the growth of nationalism in Europe.

4. Compare the leadership styles of Giuseppe Mazzini and Otto von Bismarck.

5. Why do historians consider the French Revolution a turning point in European history?

6. Explain how language and culture contributed to the rise of nationalism.

7. Why did the Frankfurt Parliament fail despite having popular support?

8. Explain how nationalism influenced the political unification of Germany.

9. Why did different ethnic groups in the Balkans demand separate nation-states?

10. Explain how the Napoleonic Code promoted the idea of a modern nation-state.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

1. Was the French Revolution only a political revolution, or was it also a social revolution? Justify your answer.

2. "Nationalism can unite people as well as create conflicts." Explain this statement with examples from the chapter.

3. If the Congress of Vienna had accepted liberal ideas, how might European history have been different?

4. Why is Giuseppe Mazzini remembered more as an inspiration than as a ruler?

5. Evaluate the role of diplomacy and war in the unification of Germany.

6. How did Romanticism strengthen nationalism more effectively than political speeches?

7. Explain why the Balkan region became known as the "Powder Keg of Europe."

8. Which had a greater impact on Europe—The French Revolution or the Napoleonic Code? Give reasons.

9. If you had lived during the nineteenth century, would you have supported Liberalism or Conservatism? Give suitable arguments.

10. Explain how the rise of nationalism changed the political map of Europe.

Map-Based Questions

1. Locate and label France on the political map of Europe.

2. Identify and label Sardinia-Piedmont.

3. Locate and label Prussia.

4. Locate the Balkan region.

5. Identify and label Vienna, where the Congress of Vienna was held.

Chronology / Timeline Questions

1. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Congress of Vienna, French Revolution, Unification of Germany, Napoleonic Code.

2. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
Young Italy founded, Revolutions of 1848, Unification of Italy, July Revolution.

3. Write the correct year for each event:
(a) French Revolution
(b) Congress of Vienna
(c) Unification of Italy
(d) Unification of Germany

4. Prepare a timeline showing the major events from 1789 to 1871.

5. Which event took place first and which occurred last?
French Revolution, Congress of Vienna, Frankfurt Parliament, German Unification.

Match the Following

1.

Column A	Column B
Giuseppe Mazzini	Young Italy
Otto von Bismarck	Blood and Iron
Napoleon Bonaparte	Napoleonic Code
Metternich	Congress of Vienna
Garibaldi	Red Shirts

2. Match the following years with the correct events.

Year	Event
1789	French Revolution
1804	Napoleonic Code
1815	Congress of Vienna
1861	Unification of Italy
1871	Unification of Germany

Identify the Personality

1. I founded the organisation called Young Italy. Who am I?

2. I introduced the Napoleonic Code in 1804. Who am I?

3. I followed the policy of "Blood and Iron". Who am I?

4. I chaired the Congress of Vienna (1815). Who am I?

5. I led the famous volunteer army known as the Red Shirts. Who am I?

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