CHAPTER-7. Getting to know plants

1. Herbs: Plants with green and tender stems.

2. Shrubs: Some plants have the stem branching out near the base. The stem is hard but not very thick.

3. Trees: Some plants are very tall and have hard and thick brown stems. The stems have branches in upper parts.

4. Creepers: Plants with weak stems that can’t stand upright and spread on ground.

5. Climber: Those plants that take support on neighbouring structure and climb up. Ex: - Money plants.

6. Functions of stem:

Functions of stem are following:

(I) It gives support to the plants.

(II) It transports water and minerals.

(III) It stores food for plants.

7. Functions of leaf:

Functions of leaf are following:-

(I) The process of transpiration occurs in the leaf.

(II) The process of photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.

(III) It prepares food for plants. 

8. Petiole: The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem. 

9. Lamina: The broad green part of the leaf.

10. Vein: Lines on the leaf.

11. Midrib: A thick vein is in the middle of the leaf.

12. Leaf venation: The design made by vein in the leaf.      

13. Reticulate venation: The venation design is net- like on both sides of midrib

14. Parallel venation: The veins are Parallel to one another in the leaves of grass.

15. Transpiration: Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapour by a process.

16. photosynthesis: The plants prepare their food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. For this they use carbon dioxide and water.    

17. Raw material of photosynthesis: Water and carbon dioxide.