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2. Polynomials Mathematics class 9 in English Medium ncert book solutions Exercise 2.5
2. Polynomials Exercise 2.5 – Complete NCERT Book Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics (English Medium). Get all chapter explanations, extra questions, solved examples and additional practice questions for 2. Polynomials Exercise 2.5 to help you master concepts and score higher.
2. Polynomials Mathematics class 9 in English Medium ncert book solutions Exercise 2.5
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics play an important role in helping students understand the concepts of the chapter 2. Polynomials clearly. This chapter includes the topic Exercise 2.5, which is essential from both academic and examination point of view. The solutions provided here are prepared strictly according to the latest NCERT syllabus and follow the guidelines of CBSE to ensure accuracy and relevance. Each question is explained in a simple and student-friendly manner so that learners can grasp the concepts without confusion. These NCERT Solutions are useful for regular study, homework help, and exam preparation. All textbook questions are solved step by step to improve problem-solving skills and conceptual clarity. Students of Class 9 studying Mathematics can use these solutions to revise important topics, understand difficult questions, and practise effectively before examinations. The chapter 2. Polynomials is explained in a structured way, making it easier for students to connect the theory with the topic Exercise 2.5. By studying these updated NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Mathematics, students can build a strong foundation, boost their confidence, and score better marks in school and board exams.
2. Polynomials
Exercise 2.5
Algebraic Identities:
∵ ∴
(1) (x + y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
(2) (x - y)2 = x2 - 2xy + y2
(3) x2 - y2 = (x + y) (x - y)
(4) (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(5) (x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
(6) (x - y)3 = x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3
(7) x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 - xy + y2)
(8) x3 - y3 = (x - y) (x2 + xy + y2)
(9) (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
(10) x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = ( x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx)
Exercise 2.5
Q1. Use suitable identities to find the following products:
(i) (x + 4) (x + 10)
(ii) (x + 8) (x – 10)
(iii) (3x + 4) (3x – 5)
(v) (3 – 2x) (3 + 2x)
Solution:
(i) (x + 4) (x + 10)
Using identity; (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(x + 4) (x + 10) = x2 + (4 + 10)x + (4)(10)
= x2 + 14x + 40
(ii) (x + 8) (x – 10)
Using identity; (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(x + 8) (x – 10) = x2 + [8 + (-10)]x + (8)(-10)
= x2 - 2x - 80
(iii) (3x + 4) (3x – 5)
Using identity; (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(3x + 4) (3x – 5) = (3x)2 + [4 + (-5)]3x + (4)(-5)
= 9x2 - 3x - 20
Using identity; (x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y2
(v) (3 – 2x) (3 + 2x)
Using identity; (x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y2
(3 – 2x) (3 + 2x) = (3)2 - (2x)2
= 9 - 4x2
Q2. Evaluate the following products without multiplying directly:
(i) 103 × 107
(ii) 95 × 96
(iii) 104 × 96
Solution:
(i) 103 × 107 = (100 + 3) (100 + 7)
Using identity; (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(100 + 3) (100 + 7) = (100)2 + (3 + 7)100 + 3×7
=10000 + 1000 + 21
= 11021
(ii) 95 × 96 = (90 + 5) (90 + 6)
Using identity; (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
(90 + 5) (90 + 6) = (90)2 + (5 + 6)90 + 5×6
=8100 + 990 + 30
= 9120
(iii) 104 × 96 = (100 + 4) (100 - 4)
Using identity; (x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y2
(100)2 - (4)2
=10000 - 16
= 9984
3. Factorise the following using appropriate identities:
(i) 9x2 + 6xy + y2
(ii) 4y2 – 4y + 1
Solution:
(i) 9x2 + 6xy + y2
= (3x)2 + 2.3x.y + (y)2 [ ∵ x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x + y)2]
∴ = (3x + y)2
= (3x + y) (3x + y)
(ii) 4y2 - 4y + 1
= (2y)2 - 2.2y.1 + (1)2 [ ∵ x2 - 2xy + y2 = (x - y)2]
∴ = (2y - 1)2
= (2y - 1) (2y - 1)
[ ∵ x2 - y2 = (x + y) (x - y) ]
Q4. Expand each of the following, using suitable identities:
(i) (x + 2y + 4z)2
(ii) (2x – y + z)2
(iii) (–2x + 3y + 2z)2
(iv) (3a – 7b – c)2
(v) (–2x + 5y – 3z)2
Solution:
(i) (x + 2y + 4z)2
Here let as a = x, b = 2y, c = 4z and putting the values of a, b and c in the
Identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
∴ (x + 2y + 4z)2 = (x)2 + (2y)2 + (4z)2 + 2(x)(2y) + 2(2y)(4z) + 2(4z)(x)
= x2 + 4y2 + 16z2 + 4xy + 16yz + 8zx
(ii) (2x – y + z)2
Here let as a = 2x, b = - y, c = z and putting the values of a, b and c in the
Identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
∴ (2x – y + z)2 = (2x)2 + (- y)2 + (z)2 + 2(2x)(- y) + 2(- y)(z) + 2(z)(2x)
= 4x2 + y2 + z2 - 4xy - 2yz + 4zx
(iii) (–2x + 3y + 2z)2
Here let as a = - 2x, b = 3y, c = 2z and putting the values of a, b and c in the
Identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
∴ (–2x + 3y + 2z)2
= (– 2x)2 + (3y)2 + (2z)2 + 2(–2x)(3y) + 2(3y)(2z) + 2(2z)(–2x)
= 4x2 + 9y2 + 4z2 – 12xy + 12yz – 8zx
(iv) (3a – 7b – c)2
Here let as x = 3a, y = – 7b, z = – c and putting the values of x, y and z in the
Identity (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx
∴ (3a – 7b – c)2
= (3a)2 + (– 7b)2 + (– c)2 + 2(3a)(– 7b) + 2(– 7b)(– c) + 2(– c)(3a)
= 9a2 + 49b2 + c2 – 42ab + 14bc – 6ac
(v) (–2x + 5y – 3z)2
Here let as a = - 2x, b = 5y, c = –3z and putting the values of a, b and c in the
Identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
∴ (–2x + 5y – 3z)2
= (– 2x)2 + (5y)2 + (– 3z)2 + 2(–2x)(5y) + 2(5y)(– 3z) + 2(– 3z)(–2x)
= 4x2 + 25y2 + 9z2 – 20xy – 30yz + 12zx
Q5. Factorise:
(i) 4x2 + 9y2 + 16z2 + 12xy – 24yz – 16xz
Solution:
(i) 4x2 + 9y2 + 16z2 + 12xy – 24yz – 16xz
= (2x)2 + (3y)2 + (4z)2 + 2(2x)(3y) + 2(3y)(4z) + 2(4z)(2x)
[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = (a + b + c)2 ]
= (2x + 3y + 4z)2
= (2x + 3y + 4z) (2x + 3y + 4z)
Q6. Write the following cubes in expanded form:
(i) (2x + 1)3
(ii) (2a – 3b)3
Solution:
(i) (2x + 1)3
[using identity (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3]
(2x + 1)3 = (2x)3 + 3(2x)2(1) + 3(2x)(1)2 + (1)3
= 8x3 + 12x2 + 6x + 1
(ii) (2a – 3b)3
[Using identity (x - y)3 = x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3]
(2a - 3b)3 = (2a)3 - 3(2a)2(3b) + 3(2a)(3b)2 - (3b)3
= 8a3 - 36a2b + 54ab2 - 27b3
[using identity (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3]
[using identity (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3]
Q7. Evaluate the following using suitable identities:
(i) (99)3
(ii) (102)3
(iii) (998)3
Solution:
(i) (99)3
= (100 - 1)3
[using identity (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3]
(100 - 1)3 = (100)3 - 3(100)2(1) + 3(100)(1)2 - (1)3
= 1000000 - 30000 + 300 - 1
= 1000300 - 30001
= 970299
(ii) (102)3
= (100 + 2)3
[using identity (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3]
(100 + 2)3 = (100)3 + 3(100)2(2)+ 3(100)(2)2 + (2)3
= 1000000 + 60000 + 1200 + 8
= 1061208
(iii) (998)3
= (1000 - 2)3
[using identity (a - b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3]
(1000 - 2)3 = (1000)3 - 3(1000)2(2)+ 3(1000)(2)2 - (2)3
= 1000000000 - 6000000 + 12000 - 8
= 1000012000 - 6000008
= 994011992
Q8. Factorise each of the following:
(i) 8a3 + b3 + 12a2b + 6ab2
(ii) 8a2 – b2 – 12a2b + 6ab2
(iii) 27 – 125a3 – 135a + 225a2
(iv) 64a3 – 27b3 – 144a2b + 108ab2
Solution:
(i) 8a3 + b3 + 12a2b + 6ab2
= (2a)3 +(b)3 + 3(2a)2(b) + 3(2a)(b)2
[Using identity x3 + y3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 = (x + y)3 ]
= (2a)3 +(b)3 + 3(2a)2(b) + 3(2a)(b)2 = (2a + b)3
= (2a + b)(2a + b)(2a + b)
(ii) 8a2 – b2 – 12a2b + 6ab2
= (2a)3 - (b)3 - 3(2a)2(b) + 3(2a)(b)2
[Using identity x3 - y3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 = (x - y)3 ]
= (2a)3 - (b)3 - 3(2a)2(b) + 3(2a)(b)2 = (2a - b)3
= (2a - b)(2a - b)(2a - b)
(iii) 27 – 125a3 – 135a + 225a2
= (3)3 - (5a)3 - 3(3)2(5a) + 3(3)(5a)2
[Using identity x3 - y3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 = (x - y)3 ]
= (3)3 - (5a)3 - 3(3)2(5a) + 3(3)(5a)2= (3 - 5a)3
= (3 - 5a)(3 - 5a)(3 - 5a)
(iv) 64a3– 27b3 – 144a2b + 108ab2
= (4a)3 - (3b)3 - 3(4a)2(3b) + 3(4a)(3b)2
[Using identity x3 - y3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 = (x - y)3 ]
= (4a)3 - (3b)3 - 3(4a)2(3b) + 3(4a)(3b)2 = (4a - 3b)3
= (4a - 3b)(4a - 3b)(4a - 3b)
[Using identity x3 - y3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 = (x - y)3 ]
Q9. Verify:
(i) x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)
Solution:
RHS = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2)
= x(x2 – xy + y2) + y (x2 – xy + y2)
= x3 – x2y + xy2 + x2y – xy2 + y3
= x3 + y3
∵ LHS = RHS Verified
(ii) x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2)
Solution:
RHS = (x - y) (x2 + xy + y2)
x(x2 + xy + y2) - y(x2 + xy + y2)
= x3 + x2y + xy2 – x2y – xy2 – y3
= x3 – y3
∵ LHS = RHS Verified
Q10. Factorise each of the following:
(i) 27y3 + 125z3
(ii) 64m3 – 343n3
Solution:
(i) 27y3 + 125z3
= (3y)3 + (5z)3
[Using identity x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x2 – xy + y2) ]
(3y)3 + (5z)3 = (3y + 5y) [(3y)2 - (3y)(5z) + (5z)2]
= (3y + 5y) (9y2 - 15yz + 25z2)
(ii) 64m3 – 343n3
Solution:
(ii) 64m3 – 343n3
= (4m)3 – (7n)3
[Using identity x3 – y3 = (x – y) (x2 + xy + y2) ]
(4m)3 – (7n)3 = (4m – 7n) [(4m)2 + (4m)(7n) + (7n)2]
= (4m – 7n) (16m2 + 28mn + 49n2)
Q11. Factorise : 27x3 + y3 + z3 – 9xyz
Solution:
= (3x)3 + (y)3 + (z)3 - 9xyz
∵ x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx)
Using identity:
= (3x + y + z) ((3x)2 + (y)2 + (z)2 - (3x)(y) - (y)(z) - (z)(3x))
= (3x + y + z) (9x2 + y2 + z2 - 3xy - yz - 3zx)
Q12. Verify that:
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz =½ (x + y + z) [(x -y)2 + (y - z)2 + (z - x)2]
LHS = ½(x + y + z) [x2 - 2xy + y2 + y2 - 2yz + z2 + z2 - 2xz + x2]
= ½(x + y + z) (2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 2xy - 2yz - 2xz)
= ½ × 2(x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - xz)
= (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - xz)
= x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz [Using Identity]
LHS = RHS
See other sub-topics of this chapter:
1. Exercise 2.1 2. Exercise 2.2 3. Exercise 2.3 4. Exercise 2.4 5. Exercise 2.5