Chapter 4. The Age of Industrialisation History class 10 in English Medium ncert book solutions Important Questions with Answers

 

Class 10 SST History Chapter 4 – The Age of Industrialisation

MCQ Questions and Answers

Q1. When did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?
A. 16th century
B. 17th century
C. 18th century
D. 20th century
Answer: C. 18th century

Q2. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
A. James Watt
B. James Hargreaves
C. Richard Arkwright
D. Samuel Crompton
Answer: B. James Hargreaves

Q3. What was the main aim of industrialisation?
A. Increase agricultural production
B. Produce goods on a large scale
C. Reduce trade
D. Stop migration
Answer: B. Produce goods on a large scale

Q4. Which industry was the first to develop during industrialisation?
A. Iron industry
B. Textile industry
C. Steel industry
D. Chemical industry
Answer: B. Textile industry

Q5. What were guilds?
A. Groups of merchants and craftsmen
B. Government officers
C. Soldiers
D. Factory workers
Answer: A. Groups of merchants and craftsmen

Q6. Who invented the steam engine?
A. James Watt
B. Thomas Edison
C. Henry Ford
D. Alexander Graham Bell
Answer: A. James Watt

Q7. What was proto-industrialisation?
A. Early stage of industrialisation before factories
B. Industrialisation in cities
C. Industrialisation after machines
D. Modern industrial system
Answer: A. Early stage of industrialisation before factories

Q8. Which country was the first to industrialise?
A. Germany
B. Britain
C. France
D. USA
Answer: B. Britain

Q9. What were factories?
A. Places where goods were produced using machines
B. Farms
C. Markets
D. Schools
Answer: A. Places where goods were produced using machines

Q10. What was the effect of industrialisation on workers?
A. Increased unemployment initially
B. Reduced production
C. End of trade
D. End of factories
Answer: A. Increased unemployment initially

Q11. Which machine increased cotton production?
A. Steam engine
B. Spinning Jenny
C. Power loom
D. Printing press
Answer: B. Spinning Jenny

Q12. What did industrialisation promote?
A. Large scale production
B. Less production
C. Less trade
D. No machines
Answer: A. Large scale production

Q13. What was the role of merchants in proto-industrialisation?
A. They controlled production and supplied raw materials
B. They worked in factories
C. They worked as farmers
D. They built railways
Answer: A. They controlled production and supplied raw materials

Q14. What did industrialisation lead to?
A. Growth of cities
B. Decline of trade
C. Less production
D. End of markets
Answer: A. Growth of cities

Q15. What was the main source of power in early factories?
A. Electricity
B. Steam power
C. Solar power
D. Wind power
Answer: B. Steam power

Q16. Which group suffered most during early industrialisation?
A. Factory workers
B. Kings
C. Landlords
D. Traders
Answer: A. Factory workers

Q17. What was the main raw material for the textile industry?
A. Cotton
B. Wood
C. Coal
D. Iron
Answer: A. Cotton

Q18. Which invention improved weaving?
A. Power loom
B. Steam engine
C. Telegraph
D. Railway
Answer: A. Power loom

Q19. What was a major result of industrialisation?
A. Mass production of goods
B. End of industries
C. End of trade
D. Decrease in population
Answer: A. Mass production of goods

Q20. Industrialisation led to which economic change?
A. Expansion of markets
B. Decline of trade
C. End of business
D. End of machines
Answer: A. Expansion of markets

Very Short Questions and Answers

Q1. What is industrialisation?
Answer: Industrialisation is the process of producing goods using machines in factories.

Q2. Which country first experienced the Industrial Revolution?
Answer: Britain.

Q3. What were guilds?
Answer: Guilds were associations of merchants and craftsmen that controlled trade.

Q4. What is proto-industrialisation?
Answer: It was the early stage of industrial production before factories developed.

Q5. Who invented the Spinning Jenny?
Answer: James Hargreaves.

Q6. What was the main industry during early industrialisation?
Answer: Textile industry.

Q7. What powered early factories?
Answer: Steam power.

Q8. What did factories produce?
Answer: Goods on a large scale.

Q9. What was the effect of industrialisation on cities?
Answer: It led to the growth of cities.

Q10. What did industrialisation increase?
Answer: Mass production of goods.

HOT and Important Questions with Answers

Q1. Explain the meaning of proto-industrialisation.
Answer: Proto-industrialisation refers to the phase of industrial development before factories appeared. In this system merchants supplied raw materials to rural workers who produced goods at home.

Q2. Why did merchants turn to the countryside for production?
Answer: Merchants turned to rural areas because guilds restricted production in towns and rural labour was cheaper and easily available.

Q3. How did the Industrial Revolution change production?
Answer: Production shifted from small household units to large factories using machines and steam power.

Q4. Why were new technologies important for industrialisation?
Answer: New machines increased speed, efficiency and the quantity of production.

Q5. What problems did workers face in factories?
Answer: Workers faced long working hours, low wages and unsafe working conditions.

Q6. Why did industrialisation lead to urbanisation?
Answer: People moved to cities in search of factory jobs.

Q7. What role did cotton play in industrialisation?
Answer: Cotton was the main raw material for the textile industry and helped expand factory production.

Q8. Why did industrialists advertise their products?
Answer: They used advertisements to attract customers and increase demand.

Q9. How did machines affect traditional craftsmen?
Answer: Many traditional craftsmen lost their jobs because machines produced goods faster and cheaper.

5–6 Marks Important Questions – The Age of Industrialisation

Q1. Explain the concept of proto-industrialisation.
Answer:

1. Proto-industrialisation refers to the stage of industrial development before factories appeared.
2. Merchants supplied raw materials to rural households.
3. Workers produced goods at home using simple tools.
4. This system developed mainly in villages.
5. It helped increase production for international markets.

Q2. Why did merchants turn to the countryside for production?
Answer:

1. Guilds in towns controlled production and restricted expansion.
2. Merchants could not increase production in towns easily.
3. In villages, labour was cheap and easily available.
4. Peasants needed additional income during agricultural off-season.
5. Therefore merchants started rural production.

Q3. Explain the impact of industrialisation on workers.
Answer:

1. Many workers migrated to cities in search of jobs.
2. Factory work involved long working hours.
3. Workers were paid very low wages.
4. Working conditions were often unsafe.
5. Women and children were also employed in factories.

Q4. Why was the textile industry important during the Industrial Revolution?
Answer:

1. The textile industry was the first industry to industrialise.
2. New machines like the Spinning Jenny increased yarn production.
3. Power looms improved weaving.
4. Cotton was easily available as raw material.
5. Textile goods were widely demanded in global markets.

Q5. How did technological changes help industrialisation?
Answer:

1. New machines increased production speed.
2. Steam engines provided a powerful energy source.
3. Railways and steamships improved transportation.
4. Factories could produce goods on a large scale.
5. These innovations reduced production costs.

Q6. Explain the role of advertisements in industrialisation.
Answer:

1. Industrialists used advertisements to attract customers.
2. Advertisements helped increase demand for new products.
3. They created brand names and product identities.
4. Posters and newspapers were used for promotion.
5. This helped expand markets for manufactured goods.

Q7. How did industrialisation lead to the growth of cities?
Answer:

1. Factories were mainly established in urban areas.
2. People migrated to cities for employment.
3. Urban populations increased rapidly.
4. New housing and infrastructure developed.
5. Cities became important centres of industry and trade.

Q8. What problems did industrial workers face in factories?
Answer:

1. Workers had to work for long hours.
2. Wages were very low.
3. Working conditions were unsafe.
4. Child labour was common.
5. Workers had little job security.

Q9. Why did machines not completely replace hand labour?
Answer:

1. Machines were expensive to install.
2. Some industries still needed skilled hand labour.
3. Small producers continued traditional methods.
4. Many goods required handmade finishing.
5. Therefore hand labour remained important.

Q10. Explain the overall impact of industrialisation.
Answer:

1. Industrialisation increased large-scale production.
2. It expanded national and international markets.
3. It created new employment opportunities.
4. It promoted technological development.
5. It transformed economic and social life.

Q10. What was the overall impact of industrialisation?
Answer: It increased production, expanded markets and transformed the global economy.

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