Chapter 2. Nationalism in India History class 10 in English Medium ncert book solutions Important Questions with Answers

 

Chapter 3. Nationalism in India

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Questions with 1 mark:

Q1. When did the Rowlatt Act come into force?
Answer - In  March1919

Q2. When did Gandhiji return to India from South Africa?

Answer - 1915 |

Q3. When and where did the "Jallianwala Bagh Massacre" take place?
Answer - On 13 April 1919, Amritsar.

Q4. What was the 'Inland Immigration Act'?

Answer - The laborers working in Bagan were not allowed to leave Bagan without permission under this Act.

Q5. When and with what event did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?

Answer - In 1922, the incident of Cherichaira greatly disturbed Gandhiji in which Indian revolutionaries set fire to the Cherichaira police station.

Q6. When and by whom did the Khilafat movement begin?

Answer - In 1919, Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali.

Question7: Name the two leaders who brought socialist ideology in the Congress.
Answer -
1. Jawaharlal Nehru
2. Subhash Chandra Bose

Question 8: When did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement and from which event?

Answer: In 1922, Chauri Chaura incident disturbed Gandhiji very much in which Indian revolutionaries set fire to Chaurichora police station. Many policemen were killed.

Question 9: Who formed the Swaraj Party?

Answer : Motilal Nehru and Chitranjan Das

Question 10: What does picketing mean?

Answer: A form of protest or protest in which people block their way to any shop, factory or office.

Question 11: When and where was Purna Swaraj demanded?

Answer: Purna Swaraj was demanded by the Congress in 1929 at the Lahore session under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 12: Dr. Ambedkar organized which association for Dalits and when?

Answer: Dr. Ambedkar formed the Depressed Classes Association for Dalits in 1930.

Question 13: Who was the author of the song Vande Mataram?

Answer: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Question 14: What is meant by a valid government system?

Answer : A valid government system means according to democracy - 

(i) The government should be selected by valid people. 

(ii) The government work for people which is elected by universal adult voting system. 

(iii) The election must be done by a regular interval. 

Question 15: When and by whom was the Khilafat movement started?

Answer: Khilafat movement was started in 1919 by two brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali.

Question 16: When and who founded the Indian National Congress?

Answer: In 1885, A.O. Hum did it.

Question 17: In the Nagpur session of Congress of 1920, state one important decision taken by the Congress.

Answer: In this session, the Congress and the Muslim League decided to run the non-cooperation and Khilafat movement.

Question 18: Explain the meaning of Satyagraha.

Answer: Satyagraha means to urge for truth. If the motive is true and against injustice, then physical force is not required to fight against harassment.

Question 19: Explain the meaning of forced labor.

Answer: Getting someone to do work without any remuneration (remuneration) is called forced labor.

Question 20: Who is called Girmitiya Mazdur?

Answer: During the colonial rule, many people were taken to places like Fiji, Guyana, West Indies etc. for work which later came to be known as Girmitiya. The contract under which those laborers were taken out was called Girmit.

Question 21: Which two leaders reached an agreement in Poona Pact?

Answer: Between Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi?

Question- Name the two main Satyagrahas organized by Mahatma Gandhi in favor of the farmers.
Answer -
1. Gandhiji started the Satyagraha in collaboration with the farmers of Champaran in Bihar and motivated the farmers against the fierce farming system.
2. Gandhiji undertook a satyagraha in favor of the farmers of Kheda district of Gujarat, who could not give land dominion due to lack of crop, plague and epidemic.

Question - Write the names of the prominent leaders of the Gadar Party and what was the role of the Gadar Party in the national movement?

Answer - The names of the prominent leaders of the Gadar Party were Rasbihari Bose, Lala Hardayal, Madam Cama and Raja Mahendra Pratap.

1. The leaders of this party prepared public opinion against the English government abroad.
2. Prominent leaders of the Gadar Party grew up and participated in the national movement.

Question - What were the reasons for Indian leaders opposing the Ralect Act in 1919?
Answer -
1. This law gave the British government the power to imprison any person without trial.
2. No pleadings and appeals were allowed for him.
3. This law was introduced for the purpose of producing Indians.
4. The British Government wanted to suppress the wave of freedom struggle by bringing the Right Act.

Question: Why did the Indians oppose the Simon Commission?

Answer: Following reasons were opposed by Indians for Simon Commission: -
1. There was no Indian member in this commission.
2. There was no mention of granting Swaraj to Indians in the sections of this commission.

Question - What was the purpose of bringing the Simon Commission by English?
Answer: The following objectives were to bring Simon Commission by English: -
1. The Government of India Act of 1919 can be reviewed.
2. It can be suggested that what new reforms can be brought in the Indian administration
3. To overcome the then political impasse in India.

Question - What are Poona Pact? Write a brief comment on it.
Answer - Mahatma Gandhi kept an indefinite fast while living in jail against the British decisions, which caused a stir in the whole country. Leaders like Madan Mohan Malaviya, for the protection of their beloved leader

Class 10 SST History Chapter 2 – Nationalism in India

NCERT HOT and Important Questions with Answers

Q1. Why did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920?

1. Gandhi protested against the Rowlatt Act (1919) which allowed arrests without trial.
2. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre increased anger against British rule.
3. Muslims were unhappy due to the Khilafat issue.
4. Gandhi believed peaceful non-cooperation would weaken British power.
5. Therefore, the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920.

Q2. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities?

1. The movement started with enthusiasm in cities.
2. Students left government schools and lawyers gave up practice.
3. People boycotted foreign goods and promoted swadeshi products.
4. However, khadi cloth was expensive for poor people.
5. Due to these economic difficulties, the movement slowed down in cities.

Q3. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement spread to rural areas?

1. In villages the movement was linked with local grievances.
2. Peasants demanded reduction of taxes and rent.
3. Many farmers opposed zamindars and landlords.
4. Tribal communities protested against restrictions on forest resources.
5. These issues helped spread the movement to rural areas.

Q4. Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922?

1. A violent incident occurred at Chauri Chaura in 1922.
2. Protesters set a police station on fire.
3. Several policemen were killed.
4. Gandhi believed the movement must remain non-violent.
5. Therefore, he withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q5. Explain the causes of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

1. The British imposed heavy taxes and strict laws.
2. The Simon Commission (1928) had no Indian members.
3. In 1929 the Congress demanded Purna Swaraj.
4. Gandhi started the Salt March in 1930.
5. This led to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q6. Why did different social groups participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement?

1. Rich peasants wanted reduction in land revenue.
2. Business groups wanted protection from foreign competition.
3. Industrial workers joined strikes and protests.
4. Women participated in processions and picketing.
5. People believed independence would improve their conditions.

Q7. Why did the relationship between Congress and the Muslim League break down?

1. Many Muslim leaders felt Congress represented mainly Hindu interests.
2. Jinnah demanded separate electorates for Muslims.
3. Congress did not fully accept these demands.
4. Political differences increased between the groups.
5. As a result, the Congress and Muslim League separated.

Q8. Explain the role of the Salt March in the Civil Disobedience Movement.

1. The British government had a monopoly on salt.
2. Salt tax affected both rich and poor.
3. In 1930 Gandhi started the Salt March from Sabarmati to Dandi.
4. Thousands of people joined the march.
5. This act started the Civil Disobedience Movement across India.

Q9. How did the sense of collective belonging develop among Indians?

1. Nationalism spread through history, folklore and songs.
2. The image of Bharat Mata became a national symbol.
3. Nationalist leaders used flags and patriotic slogans.
4. The revival of Indian culture and traditions promoted unity.
5. These factors created a sense of national identity.

Q10. Why was the Civil Disobedience Movement important?

1. It united people from different regions and social groups.
2. People challenged British authority by breaking colonial laws.
3. Large numbers of women and peasants participated.
4. The demand for complete independence became stronger.
5. It became an important stage of the Indian national movement.

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