7. Weavers Iron Smelters and Factory Owners History class 8 in English Medium ncert book solutions Additional - Question

Additional - Question:

Q1:- what kind of cloth had a large market in Europe?

Ans: - Chintz, cossaes or khassa and bandanna.

Q2:- What is jamdani?

Ans: - Jamdani is a fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the  loom, typically in grey and white.

Q3:- What is bandanna?

Ans:- Bandanna is a brightly colored and printed scarf for the neck or head. Originally, the term derived from the word ‘bandana’ and referred to a variety of brightly colored cloth produced through the methods of tying and dying.

Q4:- Who are the aggraias?

Ans:- Groups of men and women carrying basket-loads of iron are known as the agarias.

Q5:- Fill in the blanks:

(a) The word chintz comes from the word

(b) Tipu’s sword was made of steel.

(c) india’s textile exports declined in the century.

Ans:-   

(a) chintz

(b) Wootz

(c) 19^th.

Q6. How do the names of different textiles tell us about their histories?

Ans:- European traders first saw fine cotton cloth from India carried by Arab merchants in mosul in present-day iraq. hence, they began to refer to all finally woven textiles as muslino.

When the portuguese first came to india in search of spices, they landed in calicut in kerala coast in south west india. The cotton textiles which they took back to europe came to be known as calico, which derived from calicut.

Printed cotton cloths called chintz, cossaes or khassa and bandanna were also in great demandThe chintz is derived from the hindi word chhint, a cloth with small and colurful flower design. The word bandhanna is referred to any brightly coloured and printed scarf. Originally, the term derived from the word bandhana and refered to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dying.       

Q7. Why did the wool and silk producers in England protest against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century?

Ans:- The wool and silk producers in England protested against the import of Indian textiles in the early eighteenth century because they were worried by the popularity of Indian textiles. In 1720, the British Government enacted a legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles chintz in England.

Q8. How did the development of cotton industries in Britain affect textile producers in India?

Ans:- The development of cotton industries in Britain badly affected textile producers in India: ... Exporting textiles to England became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported into Britain, Thousands of weavers in India became unemployed. Bengal weavers were the worst hit.

Q9. Why did the Indian iron smelting industry decline in the nineteenth century?

Ans:- The Indian iron smelting industry had declined in the nineteenth century for the following reasons: ... But the iron smelters had to pay a very high tax to the forest department for every furnace they used. This reduced their income. (iii) By the late 19th century iron and steel was being imported from Britain.

Q10. What problems did the Indian textile industry face in the early years of its development?

Ans:- In the early years of its development the Indian textile industry faced several problems: It found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain. In most countries, governments supported industrialization by imposing heavy duties on imports.

Q11. What helped TISCO expand steel production during the First World War?

Ans:- TISCO was able to expand steel production during the First World War because the British imports of iron and steel into India declined and the market for the steel manufactured by it increased. During the war, the steel produced in Britain had to meet the demands of the war.

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