12. India after Independence History class 8 in English Medium ncert book solutions Chapter Rerview

Chapter - Rerview:

• The division and formation of Pakistan has led to the migration of approximately 8 million refugees, who have nowhere to live, no food, and no way to make a living. 

• There were about 500 princes headed by Nawab or the Maharaja that needed to be persuaded. 

• The development of the political system is the need of the times to meet the needs of the people.

• Among the 345 million residents, discrimination between upper and lower castes was very prominent. 

• Discrimination based on religion, language, eating habits, etc. still exists. 

• Unifying all these people under one country was a difficult task. 

• The development of rural areas and an agriculture-based economy was another issue that needs to be solved urgently. Poverty not only existed in villages, but was also in cities. Many workers live in slums and have no access to health care, education, etc. 

• The Constitution proposes three thematic lists, the Union List is the first of them. Tax, defense and foreign affairs are listed here as exclusive core responsibilities. 

• The list of countries followed closely, mainly responsible for health and education. 

• The concurrent list is the last list that requires the center and states to participate in agriculture, forestry, and other fields. 

• Although there are many contributors to the formulation of the Constitution, the contribution of Dr. BR Ambedkar cannot be ignored. He is the chairman of the drafting committee and is responsible for overseeing the comprehensive formulation of the constitution. 

• The concept of "one person, one vote, one value" has become obvious and exists in the political structure of India.

• The Planning Committee was established in 1950. Its main responsibility is to formulate policies that are conducive to economic development in accordance with the "mixed economy" model. The private and public sectors work together in this regard, thereby increasing productivity and creating more jobs. 

• The Planning Commission formulated a five-year plan. The first five-year plan was extended between 1951 and 1956 with a budget of Rs. 20.69 billion rupees. The plan mainly focuses on agriculture, energy, irrigation, transportation and communications, social services, industry, and rehabilitation of land-lost farmers. 2.1% is the target growth rate, reaching 3.6%. 

• The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (1956-1961) deals primarily with rapid industrialization. rupee. With an investment of 48 billion yuan, other fields such as electricity and water conservation, transportation and communications have also received attention. 

• The solution is to increase agricultural productivity, create employment opportunities, and promote employment so that the unit and development attach equal importance. 

• As in 2020, India celebrates the 73rd anniversary of its independence from British slavery. Maintaining unity in diversity and becoming the world’s largest democracy are two things that indigenous peoples are proud of. 

• So far, India has held 17 general elections. 

• The country has a free press and an independent judiciary. 

• Although languages, beliefs, religions and cultures are different, although many people are skeptical, this country remains united. 

• The problem of the untouchables has not been completely eradicated. 

• Discrimination between rich and poor is on the rise. 

• Although the Constitution emphasizes equality, it seems to be less and less in reality.

All Chapters Of History english Medium Class 8