Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE-HISTORY Solutions English Medium

NCERT Solutions Class 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE-HISTORY English Medium

Chapter 4. The Age of Industrialisation

Topic: Quick Revising Notes

Class 10 History – Chapter 4: The Age of Industrialisation

Quick Revision Notes

1. Proto-Industrialisation

• Proto-industrialisation refers to the period before the factory system developed.
• During this period, goods were produced for international markets.
• Merchants supplied raw materials to rural households.
• Workers produced goods in their homes using simple tools.
• This system helped merchants control production and reduce costs.

2. The Coming of the Factory System

• The factory system developed in Britain during the late 18th century.
• Production shifted from homes to factories with the use of machines.
• Factories allowed large-scale production in a single place.
• Workers worked under strict supervision and fixed working hours.

3. Early Industrial Growth

• The cotton textile industry was the leading sector of early industrialisation.
• Several inventions improved the production of textiles.
• Examples include the Spinning Jenny, Water Frame, and Power Loom.
• These inventions increased productivity and reduced manual labour.

4. Role of Steam Power

• The steam engine played an important role in industrial development.
• James Watt improved the steam engine in the late 18th century.
• Steam engines were used in factories, railways, and ships.
• This greatly improved transportation and production.

5. The Luddite Movement

• The Luddites were workers who protested against the use of machines.
• They feared that machines would replace human labour.
• They attacked factories and destroyed machinery.
• The government suppressed these protests with strict laws.

6. Industrialisation and Workers

• Industrialisation created new job opportunities in factories.
• Many workers migrated from villages to cities for employment.
• Working conditions were often harsh and wages were low.
• Workers worked long hours in unsafe conditions.

7. Industrialisation in the Colonies

• Industrialisation in Britain affected colonial economies like India.
• British machine-made goods flooded Indian markets.
• Indian handicraft industries faced severe competition.
• Many artisans and weavers lost their traditional livelihoods.

8. Decline of Indian Handicrafts

• British policies encouraged the export of raw materials from India.
• Indian finished goods faced heavy import duties in Britain.
• Cheap machine-made British textiles dominated Indian markets.
• This led to the decline of traditional Indian industries.

9. Growth of Modern Industries in India

• Modern industries slowly developed in India during the late 19th century.
• The cotton textile industry grew in Bombay (Mumbai).
• The jute industry developed in Bengal.
• Indian entrepreneurs began investing in industrial enterprises.

10. Role of Indian Industrialists

• Indian businessmen such as Dwarkanath Tagore invested in industries.
• Later, Jamsetji Tata established modern industries in India.
• Indian industrialists played an important role in economic development.

11. Marketing of Industrial Goods

• Manufacturers used advertisements to increase the sale of their products.
• Labels and brand names helped attract customers.
• Advertisements created demand for industrial goods.
• Branding became an important marketing strategy.

12. Industrial Growth in the 20th Century

• Industrial production increased during the First World War.
• Imports from Britain declined during the war.
• Indian industries expanded to meet local demand.
• Industrialisation continued to grow in the early 20th century.

13. Impact of Industrialisation

• Industrialisation increased production and trade.
• It led to the growth of cities and urbanisation.
• New social classes such as industrialists and factory workers emerged.
• Industrialisation transformed economic and social life.

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